The global tree restoration potential

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 365(6448), С. 76 - 79

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2019

The restoration of trees remains among the most effective strategies for climate change mitigation. We mapped global potential tree coverage to show that 4.4 billion hectares canopy cover could exist under current climate. Excluding existing and agricultural urban areas, we found there is room an extra 0.9 cover, which store 205 gigatonnes carbon in areas would naturally support woodlands forests. This highlights as our solution date. However, will alter this coverage. estimate if cannot deviate from trajectory, may shrink by ~223 million 2050, with vast majority losses occurring tropics. Our results highlight opportunity mitigation through but also urgent need action.

Язык: Английский

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Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1511 - 1534

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Язык: Английский

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A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 1(7), С. 369 - 374

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 586(7828), С. 217 - 227

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based measures, are likely extend diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation management effectiveness diminish potential role stemming loss. Here we show how expansion by national governments since 2010 has had limited success increasing coverage across different elements (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' wilderness areas) ecosystem services (productive fisheries, carbon on land sea). To be more successful after 2020, must contribute effectively meeting goals—ranging from preventing extinctions retaining most-intact ecosystems—and better collaborate with many Indigenous peoples, community groups private initiatives central biodiversity. The long-term requires parties Convention Biological Diversity secure adequate financing, plan climate change make far stronger part land, water sea policies. conservation—including measures—after 2020 depend securing funding prioritizing management.

Язык: Английский

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A global-level assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas at resisting anthropogenic pressures

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 116(46), С. 23209 - 23215

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2019

One-sixth of the global terrestrial surface now falls within protected areas (PAs), making it essential to understand how far they mitigate increasing pressures on nature which characterize Anthropocene. In by largest analysis this question date and not restricted forested PAs, we compiled data from 12,315 PAs across 152 countries investigate their ability reduce human pressure varies with socioeconomic management circumstances. While many show positive outcomes, strikingly find that compared matched unprotected areas, have average reduced a compound index change over past 15 y. Moreover, in tropical regions cropland conversion has increased inside even more than areas. However, our results also confirm previous studies forest where are increasing, but less counterfactual Our high national-level development scores experienced lower rates increase y outside area. caution against rapid establishment new without simultaneously addressing conditions needed enable success.

Язык: Английский

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Protected area targets post-2020

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 364(6437), С. 239 - 241

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2019

Outcome-based targets are needed to achieve biodiversity goals

Язык: Английский

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Guidelines for conserving connectivity through ecological networks and corridors

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2020

IUCN-WCPA's Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world's authoritative resource for protected area managers.Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation of ideas in field, distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN.Applied they build institutional individual capacity manage

Язык: Английский

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Global impacts of future urban expansion on terrestrial vertebrate diversity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Abstract Rapid urban expansion has profound impacts on global biodiversity through habitat conversion, degradation, fragmentation, and species extinction. However, how future will affect needs to be better understood. We contribute filling this knowledge gap by combining spatially explicit projections of under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) with datasets terrestrial (amphibians, mammals, birds). Overall, lead 11–33 million hectares natural loss 2100 the SSP scenarios disproportionately cause large fragmentation. The within current key priority areas is projected higher (e.g., 37–44% in WWF’s Global 200) than average. Moreover, land conversion reduce local within-site richness 34% abundance 52% per 1 km grid cell, 7–9 may lost 10 cell. Our study suggests an urgent need develop a sustainable development pathway balance conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2019, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Changes in human footprint drive changes in species extinction risk

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2018

Abstract Predicting how species respond to human pressure is essential anticipate their decline and identify appropriate conservation strategies. Both extinction risk change over time, but inter-relationship rarely considered in modelling. Here we measure the relationship between terrestrial footprint (HFP)—representing cumulative on environment—and of world’s mammals. We find values HFP across space, its are significantly correlated trends risk, with higher predictive importance than environmental or life-history variables. The anthropogenic conversion areas low (HFP < 3 out 50) most significant predictor there biogeographical variations. Our framework, calibrated past trends, can be used predict impact increasing biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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