Nature Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(10), С. 1568 - 1579
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022
The
ancient,
ongoing
coevolutionary
battle
between
bacteria
and
their
viruses,
bacteriophages,
has
given
rise
to
sophisticated
immune
systems
including
restriction-modification
CRISPR-Cas.
Many
additional
anti-phage
have
been
identified
using
computational
approaches
based
on
genomic
co-location
within
defence
islands,
but
these
screens
may
not
be
exhaustive.
Here
we
developed
an
experimental
selection
scheme
agnostic
context
identify
in
71
diverse
E.
coli
strains.
Our
results
unveil
21
conserved
systems,
none
of
which
were
previously
detected
as
enriched
islands.
Additionally,
our
work
indicates
that
intact
prophages
mobile
genetic
elements
are
primary
reservoirs
distributors
coli,
with
typically
carried
specific
locations
or
hotspots.
These
hotspots
encode
dozens
uncharacterized
system
candidates.
findings
reveal
extended
landscape
antiviral
immunity
provide
approach
for
mapping
other
species.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
32(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2019
Antibiotic
resistance
is
arguably
the
biggest
current
threat
to
global
health.
An
increasing
number
of
infections
are
becoming
harder
or
almost
impossible
treat,
carrying
high
morbidity,
mortality,
and
financial
cost.
The
therapeutic
use
bacteriophages,
viruses
that
infect
kill
bacteria,
well
suited
be
part
multidimensional
strategies
combat
antibiotic
resistance.
Although
phage
therapy
was
first
implemented
a
century
ago,
it
brought
standstill
after
successful
introduction
antibiotics.
Now,
with
rise
resistance,
experiencing
well-deserved
rebirth.
Among
admittedly
vast
literature
recently
published
on
this
topic,
review
aims
provide
forward-looking
perspective
its
role
in
modern
society.
We
cover
key
points
crisis
then
explain
biological
evolutionary
principles
support
phages,
their
interaction
immune
system,
comparison
therapy.
By
going
through
up-to-date
reports
and,
whenever
possible,
human
clinical
trials,
we
examine
versatility
discuss
conventional
approaches
as
novel
strategies,
including
phage-antibiotic
combinations,
phage-derived
enzymes,
exploitation
mechanisms,
bioengineering.
Finally,
benefits
beyond
perspective,
opportunities
for
scientific
outreach
effective
education,
interdisciplinary
collaboration,
cultural
economic
growth,
even
innovative
social
media,
making
case
more
than
just
an
alternative
Science,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
369(6507), С. 1077 - 1084
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2020
Bacteria
and
archaea
are
frequently
attacked
by
viruses
other
mobile
genetic
elements
rely
on
dedicated
antiviral
defense
systems,
such
as
restriction
endonucleases
CRISPR,
to
survive.
The
enormous
diversity
of
suggests
that
more
types
systems
exist
than
currently
known.
By
systematic
gene
prediction
heterologous
reconstitution,
here
we
discover
29
widespread
cassettes,
collectively
present
in
32%
all
sequenced
bacterial
archaeal
genomes,
mediate
protection
against
specific
bacteriophages.
These
incorporate
enzymatic
activities
not
previously
implicated
defense,
including
RNA
editing
retron
satellite
DNA
synthesis.
In
addition,
computationally
predict
a
diverse
set
putative
genes
remain
be
characterized.
results
highlight
an
immense
array
molecular
functions
microbes
use
viruses.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Май 10, 2022
Bacteria
and
archaea
have
developed
multiple
antiviral
mechanisms,
genomic
evidence
indicates
that
several
of
these
systems
co-occur
in
the
same
strain.
Here,
we
introduce
DefenseFinder,
a
tool
automatically
detects
known
prokaryotic
genomes.
We
use
DefenseFinder
to
analyse
21000
fully
sequenced
genomes,
find
strategies
vary
drastically
between
phyla,
species
strains.
Variations
composition
correlate
with
genome
size,
viral
threat,
lifestyle
traits.
will
facilitate
large-scale
analysis
defense
study
host-virus
interactions
prokaryotes.
Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
363(6422), С. 88 - 91
Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2018
Additional,
diverse
CRISPR
systems
have
been
revolutionizing
molecular
biology.
Mining
the
metagenomic
database,
Yan
et
al.
systematically
discovered
additional
subtypes
of
type
V
CRISPR-Cas
systems.
The
Cas12
effectors
displayed
a
range
activities,
including
target
and
collateral
cleavage
single-stranded
RNA
DNA,
as
well
double-stranded
DNA
nicking
cleavage.
These
nuclease
activities
suggest
how
an
ancient
transposase
may
evolved
into
various
expand
nucleic
acid
detection
genome-editing
toolbox.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
88
