Annual Review of Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
40(1), С. 45 - 74
Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2022
The
transformative
success
of
antibodies
targeting
the
PD-1
(programmed
death
1)/B7-H1
(B7
homolog
1)
pathway
(anti-PD
therapy)
has
revolutionized
cancer
treatment.
However,
only
a
fraction
patients
with
solid
tumors
and
some
hematopoietic
malignancies
respond
to
anti-PD
therapy,
reason
for
failure
in
other
is
less
known.
By
dissecting
mechanisms
underlying
this
resistance,
current
studies
reveal
that
tumor
microenvironment
major
location
resistance
occur.
Furthermore,
appear
be
highly
heterogeneous.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
human
data
identifying
therapy.
We
review
evidence
immune-based
such
as
loss
neoantigens,
defects
antigen
presentation
interferon
signaling,
immune
inhibitory
molecules,
exclusion
T
cells.
also
clinical
emerging
alterations
metabolism,
microbiota,
epigenetics.
Finally,
strategies
overcome
therapy
emphasize
need
develop
additional
immunotherapies
based
on
concept
normalization
immunotherapy.
Metabolism
as
cancer
progresses
Numerous
cancer-specific
alterations
in
metabolism
have
been
identified
but
not
yet
resulted
an
effective
anti
therapeutic.
In
a
Review,
Faubert
et
al.
discuss
how
changes
develops
from
small,
premalignant
lesion
to
aggressive
primary
tumor
and
then
metastasizes.
Metabolic
vulnerabilities
likely
change
with
progression,
making
the
identification
of
general
cancer-associated
metabolic
features
difficult.
The
authors
propose
that
more
targeted
approach
tissues
patients
may
be
effective.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaaw5473
The
overlapping
metabolic
reprogramming
of
cancer
and
immune
cells
is
a
putative
determinant
the
antitumor
response
in
cancer.
Increased
evidence
suggests
that
metabolism
not
only
plays
crucial
role
signaling
for
sustaining
tumorigenesis
survival,
but
also
has
wider
implications
regulation
through
both
release
metabolites
affecting
expression
molecules,
such
as
lactate,
PGE2,
arginine,
etc.
Actually,
this
energetic
interplay
between
tumor
leads
to
competition
ecosystem,
limiting
nutrient
availability
leading
microenvironmental
acidosis,
which
hinders
cell
function.
More
interestingly,
indispensable
process
maintaining
self
body
homeostasis
by
various
types
cells.
At
present,
more
studies
pointed
out
would
undergo
during
proliferation,
differentiation,
execution
effector
functions,
essential
response.
Herein,
we
discuss
how
regulate
possible
approaches
targeting
pathways
context
anticancer
immunotherapy.
We
describe
hypothetical
combination
treatments
immunotherapy
intervening
could
be
used
better
unleash
potential
therapies.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
52(9), С. 1496 - 1516
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020
Abstract
As
knowledge
of
cell
metabolism
has
advanced,
glutamine
been
considered
an
important
amino
acid
that
supplies
carbon
and
nitrogen
to
fuel
biosynthesis.
A
recent
study
provided
a
new
perspective
on
mitochondrial
metabolism,
offering
mechanistic
insights
into
metabolic
adaptation
during
tumor
hypoxia,
the
emergence
drug
resistance,
glutaminolysis-induced
reprogramming
presenting
strategies
target
in
cancer
cells.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
various
biosynthetic
bioenergetic
roles
based
compartmentalization
explain
why
cells
exhibit
reliance
glutamine.
Additionally,
examined
whether
derivatives
contribute
epigenetic
regulation
associated
with
tumorigenesis.
addition,
discussing
transporters,
propose
for
therapeutic
intervention
cancer.
