Nature,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
640(8058), С. 448 - 458
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025
Mammalian
cortex
features
a
vast
diversity
of
neuronal
cell
types,
each
with
characteristic
anatomical,
molecular
and
functional
properties1.
Synaptic
connectivity
shapes
how
type
participates
in
the
cortical
circuit,
but
mapping
rules
at
resolution
distinct
types
remains
difficult.
Here
we
used
millimetre-scale
volumetric
electron
microscopy2
to
investigate
all
inhibitory
neurons
across
densely
segmented
population
1,352
cells
spanning
layers
mouse
visual
cortex,
producing
wiring
diagram
inhibition
more
than
70,000
synapses.
Inspired
by
classical
neuroanatomy,
classified
based
on
targeting
dendritic
compartments
developed
an
excitatory
neuron
classification
reconstructions
whole-cell
maps
synaptic
input.
Single-cell
showed
class
disinhibitory
specialist
that
targets
basket
cells.
Analysis
onto
found
widespread
specificity,
many
interneurons
exhibiting
differential
spatially
intermingled
subpopulations.
Inhibitory
was
organized
into
'motif
groups',
diverse
sets
collectively
target
both
perisomatic
same
targets.
Collectively,
our
analysis
identified
new
organizing
principles
for
will
serve
as
foundation
linking
contemporary
multimodal
atlases
diagram.
Protein Science,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
30(1), С. 70 - 82
Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2020
Abstract
UCSF
ChimeraX
is
the
next‐generation
interactive
visualization
program
from
Resource
for
Biocomputing,
Visualization,
and
Informatics
(RBVI),
following
Chimera.
brings
(a)
significant
performance
graphics
enhancements;
(b)
new
implementations
of
Chimera's
most
highly
used
tools,
many
with
further
improvements;
(c)
several
entirely
analysis
features;
(d)
support
areas
such
as
virtual
reality,
light‐sheet
microscopy,
medical
imaging
data;
(e)
major
ease‐of‐use
advances,
including
toolbars
icons
to
perform
actions
a
single
click,
basic
“undo”
capabilities,
more
logical
consistent
commands;
(f)
an
app
store
researchers
contribute
tools.
includes
full
user
documentation
free
noncommercial
use,
downloads
available
Windows,
Linux,
macOS
https://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax
.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 30, 2021
Abstract
We
acquired
a
rapidly
preserved
human
surgical
sample
from
the
temporal
lobe
of
cerebral
cortex.
stained
1
mm
3
volume
with
heavy
metals,
embedded
it
in
resin,
cut
more
than
5000
slices
at
∼30
nm
and
imaged
these
sections
using
high-speed
multibeam
scanning
electron
microscope.
used
computational
methods
to
render
three-dimensional
structure
containing
57,216
cells,
hundreds
millions
neurites
133.7
million
synaptic
connections.
The
1.4
petabyte
microscopy
volume,
segmented
cell
parts,
blood
vessels,
myelin,
inhibitory
excitatory
synapses,
104
manually
proofread
cells
are
available
peruse
online
.
Many
interesting
unusual
features
were
evident
this
dataset.
Glia
outnumbered
neurons
2:1
oligodendrocytes
most
common
type
volume.
Excitatory
spiny
comprised
69%
neuronal
population,
synapses
also
majority
(76%).
drive
onto
was
biased
strongly
toward
excitation
(70%)
case
for
interneurons
(48%).
Despite
incompleteness
automated
segmentation
caused
by
split
merge
errors,
we
could
automatically
generate
(and
then
validate)
connections
between
neuron
types
both
within
layers.
In
studying
found
that
deep
layer
can
be
classified
into
new
subsets,
based
on
structural
connectivity
differences,
chandelier
not
only
innervate
initial
segments
as
previously
described,
but
each
other’s
segments.
Furthermore,
among
thousands
weak
established
neuron,
there
exist
rarer
highly
powerful
axonal
inputs
establish
multi-synaptic
contacts
(up
∼20
synapses)
target
neurons.
Our
analysis
indicates
strong
specific,
allow
small
numbers
axons
have
an
outsized
role
activity
some
their
postsynaptic
partners.
The
human
cerebral
cortex
houses
1000
times
more
neurons
than
that
of
the
a
mouse,
but
possible
differences
in
synaptic
circuits
between
these
species
are
still
poorly
understood.
We
used
three-dimensional
electron
microscopy
macaque,
and
cortical
samples
to
study
their
cell
type
composition
circuit
architecture.
2.5-fold
increase
interneurons
humans
compared
with
mice
was
compensated
by
change
axonal
connection
probabilities
therefore
did
not
yield
commensurate
inhibitory-versus-excitatory
input
balance
on
pyramidal
cells.
Rather,
increased
inhibition
created
an
expanded
interneuron-to-interneuron
network,
driven
expansion
interneuron-targeting
interneuron
types
selectivity
for
innervation.
These
constitute
key
neuronal
network
alterations
cortex.
