Mitochondrial signal transduction

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(11), С. 1620 - 1653

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue the processor cell, together with nucleus other they constitute mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, (1) sense respond to both endogenous environmental inputs through morphological functional remodeling; (2) integrate network-based physical interactions diffusion mechanisms; (3) produce output signals tune functions systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, local or systemic enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on signal transduction emphasizes role communication in biology. framework also opens new avenues understand how mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.

Язык: Английский

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Binary and analog variation of synapses between cortical pyramidal neurons

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022

Learning from experience depends at least in part on changes neuronal connections. We present the largest map of connectivity to date between cortical neurons a defined type (layer 2/3 [L2/3] pyramidal cells mouse primary visual cortex), which was enabled by automated analysis serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling image defects (250 × 140 90 μm3 volume). used identify constraints learning algorithms employed cortex. Previous studies modeled continuum synapse sizes log-normal distribution. A is consistent most neural network models learning, synaptic strength continuously graded analog variable. Here, we show that size, when restricted synapses L2/3 cells, well sum binary variable and an drawn Two sharing same presynaptic postsynaptic are known be correlated size. variables two highly correlated, while not. Binary variation could outcome Hebbian or other plasticity rule depending activity signals relatively uniform across arbors, may dominated influences such as spontaneous dynamical fluctuations. discuss implications for longstanding hypothesis activity-dependent switches bistable states.

Язык: Английский

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Technology and Integration Roadmap for Optoelectronic Memristor

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2023

Optoelectronic memristors (OMs) have emerged as a promising optoelectronic Neuromorphic computing paradigm, opening up new opportunities for neurosynaptic devices and systems. These OMs possess range of desirable features including minimal crosstalk, high bandwidth, low power consumption, zero latency, the ability to replicate crucial neurological functions such vision optical memory. By incorporating large-scale parallel synaptic structures, are anticipated greatly enhance high-performance low-power in-memory computing, effectively overcoming limitations von Neumann bottleneck. However, progress in this field necessitates comprehensive understanding suitable structures techniques integrating low-dimensional materials into integrated circuit platforms. This review aims offer overview fundamental performance, mechanisms, design applications, integration roadmap memristors. establishing connections between materials, multilayer memristor units, monolithic circuits, seeks provide insights emerging technologies future prospects that expected drive innovation widespread adoption near future.

Язык: Английский

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GABAA receptors as targets for treating affective and cognitive symptoms of depression

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 44(9), С. 586 - 600

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Two-photon synthetic aperture microscopy for minimally invasive fast 3D imaging of native subcellular behaviors in deep tissue

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(11), С. 2475 - 2491.e22

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Holistic understanding of physio-pathological processes requires noninvasive 3D imaging in deep tissue across multiple spatial and temporal scales to link diverse transient subcellular behaviors with long-term physiogenesis. Despite broad applications two-photon microscopy (TPM), there remains an inevitable tradeoff among spatiotemporal resolution, volumes, durations due the point-scanning scheme, accumulated phototoxicity, optical aberrations. Here, we harnessed concept synthetic aperture radar TPM achieve aberration-corrected dynamics at a millisecond scale for over 100,000 large volumes tissue, three orders magnitude reduction photobleaching. With its advantages, identified direct intercellular communications through migrasome generation following traumatic brain injury, visualized formation process germinal center mouse lymph node, characterized heterogeneous cellular states visual cortex, opening up horizon intravital understand organizations functions biological systems holistic level.

Язык: Английский

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Serotonin modulates excitatory synapse maturation in the developing prefrontal cortex

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract Serotonin (5-HT) imbalances in the developing prefrontal cortex (PFC) are linked to long-term behavioral deficits. However, synaptic mechanisms underlying 5-HT-mediated PFC development unknown. We found that chemogenetic suppression and enhancement of 5-HT release during first two postnatal weeks decreased increased density strength excitatory spine synapses, respectively, on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons mice. single spines induced structural functional potentiation (LTP), requiring both 5-HT2A 5-HT7 receptor signals, a glutamatergic activity-independent manner. Notably, LTP-inducing stimuli survival newly formed ( ≥ 6 h) via Gα s activation. Chronic treatment mice with fluoxetine, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, weeks, but not third week development, synapses. The effect fluoxetine alterations vivo was abolished by antagonists. Our data describe molecular basis 5-HT-dependent plasticity at level early development.

Язык: Английский

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Activation of the Lateral Habenula‐Ventral Tegmental Area Neural Circuit Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(22)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2022

Abstract Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common and associated with poor outcome. Neural circuit involvement in POCD unknown. Lateral habenula (LHb) that regulates coping depression‐like behaviors after aversive stimuli activated by surgery the previous study. Here, LHb ventral tegmental area (VTA) are presented. VTA known to receive projections from project prefrontal cortex hippocampus. Direct chemogenetic inhibition of or damaging attenuates surgery‐induced learning memory impairment, N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory responses cell injury VTA, activation rostromedial nucleus, an intermediate station connect VTA. preserves dendritic spine density Retrograde via its attenuated observed. induced Inhibition NMDA receptors, dopamine synthesis, stress reduced responses, These results suggest activates LHb‐VTA neural circuit, which contributes neuropathological changes brain. novel findings represent initial evidence for effects.

Язык: Английский

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Synaptic pruning through glial synapse engulfment upon motor learning

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(11), С. 1458 - 1469

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Organic High‐Temperature Synaptic Phototransistors for Energy‐Efficient Neuromorphic Computing

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(13)

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023

Organic optoelectronic synaptic devices that can reliably operate in high-temperature environments (i.e., beyond 121°C) or remain stable after treatments have significant potential biomedical electronics and bionic robotic engineering. However, it is challenging to acquire this type of organic considering the thermal instability conventional materials degradation photoresponse mechanisms at high temperatures. Here, phototransistors (HTSPs) based on thermally semiconductor polymer blends as photosensitive layer are developed, successfully simulating fundamental optical-modulated characteristics a wide operating temperature range from room 220°C. Robust performance be observed HTSPs even experiencing 750 h double 85 testing due enhanced operational reliability. Using HTSPs, Morse-code optical decoding scheme visual object recognition capability also verified elevated Furthermore, flexible fabricated, demonstrating an ultralow power consumption 12.3 aJ per event low voltage -0.05 mV. Overall, conundrum achieving reliable neuromorphic applications while balancing effectively addressed. This research opens up simple but effective avenue for development energy-efficient wearable computing applications.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptative machine vision with microsecond-level accurate perception beyond human retina

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Abstract Visual adaptive devices have potential to simplify circuits and algorithms in machine vision systems adapt perceive images with varying brightness levels, which is however limited by sluggish adaptation process. Here, the avalanche tuning as feedforward inhibition bionic two-dimensional (2D) transistor proposed for fast high-frequency visual behavior microsecond-level accurate perception, speed over 10 4 times faster than that of human retina reported sensors. As light intensity changes, spontaneously switches between photoconductive effect, responsivity both magnitude sign (from 7.6 × −1 3 A/W), thereby achieving ultra-fast scotopic photopic process 108 268 μs, respectively. By further combining convolutional neural networks avalanche-tuned transistor, an adaptative achieved remarkable rapid capabilities robust image recognition 98% precision dim bright conditions.

Язык: Английский

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