Journal of Functional Biomaterials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(8), С. 225 - 225
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024
The
intersection
of
immunology
and
nanotechnology
has
provided
significant
advancements
in
biomedical
research
clinical
applications
over
the
years.
Immunology
aims
to
understand
immune
system’s
defense
mechanisms
against
pathogens.
Nanotechnology
demonstrated
its
potential
manipulate
responses,
as
nanomaterials’
properties
can
be
modified
for
desired
application.
Research
shown
that
nanomaterials
applied
diagnostics,
therapy,
vaccine
development.
In
used
biosensor
development,
accurately
detecting
biomarkers
even
at
very
low
concentrations.
Therapeutically,
act
efficient
carriers
delivering
drugs,
antigens,
or
genetic
material
directly
targeted
cells
tissues.
This
delivery
improves
therapeutic
efficacy
reduces
adverse
effects
on
healthy
nanoparticles
improve
durability
extend
responses
by
effectively
adjuvants
antigens
cells.
Despite
these
advancements,
challenges
regarding
safety,
biocompatibility,
scalability
are
still
present.
review
will
cover
fundamental
interactions
between
system,
their
immunology,
safety
biocompatibility
concerns.
Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
374(6571), С. 1080 - 1086
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2021
Disease
and
accompanying
inflammation
are
uncommon
outcomes
of
viral
infection
in
humans.
Clinical
occurs
if
steady-state
cell-intrinsic
leukocytic
immunity
to
viruses
fails.
Inflammation
attests
the
attempts
newly
recruited
activated
leukocytes
resolve
blood
or
tissues.
In
confusing
battle
between
a
myriad
cells,
studies
human
genetics
can
separate
root
cause
disease
from
its
consequences.
Single-gene
inborn
errors
underlying
diverse
infections
skin,
brain,
lungs
help
clarify
determinants
disease.
The
genetic
elucidation
immunological
deficits
single
patient
with
specific
vulnerability
profile
reveal
mechanisms
that
may
be
triggered
by
other
causes,
inherited
otherwise,
patients.
This
dissection
is
giving
rise
new
biology
medicine.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
185(17), С. 3086 - 3103
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022
The
immense
interindividual
clinical
variability
during
any
infection
is
a
long-standing
enigma.
Inborn
errors
of
IFN-γ
and
IFN-α/β
immunity
underlying
rare
infections
with
weakly
virulent
mycobacteria
seasonal
influenza
virus
have
inspired
studies
two
common
infections:
tuberculosis
COVID-19.
A
TYK2
genotype
impairing
production
accounts
for
about
1%
cases,
autoantibodies
neutralizing
account
15%
critical
COVID-19
cases.
discovery
inborn
mechanisms
drove
the
identification
monogenic
or
autoimmune
determinants
related
infections.
This
“rare-to-common”
genetic
mechanistic
approach
to
infectious
diseases
may
be
heuristic
value.
Immunity,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
57(1), С. 171 - 187.e14
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Immune
responses
are
tightly
regulated
yet
highly
variable
between
individuals.
To
investigate
human
population
variation
of
trained
immunity,
we
immunized
healthy
individuals
with
Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin
(BCG).
This
live-attenuated
vaccine
induces
not
only
an
adaptive
immune
response
against
tuberculosis
but
also
triggers
innate
activation
and
memory
that
indicative
immunity.
We
established
personal
profiles
chromatin
accessibility
maps
over
a
90-day
time
course
BCG
vaccination
in
323
Our
analysis
uncovered
genetic
epigenetic
predictors
baseline
immunity
response.
enhanced
the
specifically
dormant
state
at
baseline,
rather
than
providing
general
boost
study
advances
our
understanding
BCG's
heterologous
immune-stimulatory
effects
humans.
Furthermore,
it
highlights
value
cell
states
for
connecting
function
genotype
environment.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(4), С. 775 - 775
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024
Immune
system
aging
is
becoming
a
field
of
increasing
public
health
interest
because
prolonged
life
expectancy,
which
not
paralleled
by
an
increase
in
expectancy.
As
age
progresses,
innate
and
adaptive
immune
systems
undergo
changes,
are
defined,
respectively,
as
inflammaging
senescence.
A
wealth
available
data
demonstrates
that
these
two
conditions
closely
linked,
leading
to
greater
vulnerability
elderly
subjects
viral,
bacterial,
opportunistic
infections
well
lower
post-vaccination
protection.
To
face
this
novel
scenario,
in-depth
assessment
the
players
involved
changing
epidemiology
demanded
regarding
individual
concerted
involvement
cells
mediators
within
endogenous
exogenous
factors
co-morbidities.
This
review
provides
overall
updated
description
changes
affecting
system,
may
be
help
understanding
underlying
mechanisms
associated
with
main
age-associated
infectious
diseases.
