Amoeboid
cell
types
are
fundamental
to
animal
biology
and
broadly
distributed
across
diversity,
but
their
evolutionary
origin
is
unclear.
The
closest
living
relatives
of
animals,
the
choanoflagellates,
display
a
polarized
architecture
(with
an
apical
flagellum
encircled
by
microvilli)
that
resembles
epithelial
cells
suggests
homology,
this
differs
strikingly
from
deformable
phenotype
amoeboid
cells,
which
instead
evoke
more
distantly
related
eukaryotes,
such
as
diverse
amoebae.
Here,
we
show
choanoflagellates
subjected
confinement
become
retracting
flagella
activating
myosin-based
motility.
This
switch
allows
escape
conserved
choanoflagellate
diversity.
conservation
animals
together
with
role
myosin,
consistent
homology
motility
in
both
lineages.
We
hypothesize
differentiation
between
crawling
might
have
evolved
stress-induced
flagellate
forms
single-celled
ancestors.
The
nucleus
makes
the
rules
Single
cells
continuously
experience
and
react
to
mechanical
challenges
in
three-dimensional
tissues.
Spatial
constraints
dense
tissues,
physical
activity,
injury
all
impose
changes
cell
shape.
How
can
measure
shape
deformations
ensure
correct
tissue
development
homeostasis
remains
largely
unknown
(see
Perspective
by
Shen
Niethammer).
Working
independently,
Venturini
et
al.
Lomakin
now
show
that
act
as
an
intracellular
ruler
cellular
variations.
nuclear
envelope
provides
a
gauge
of
deformation
activates
mechanotransduction
pathway
controls
actomyosin
contractility
migration
plasticity.
thereby
allows
adapt
their
behavior
local
microenvironment.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaba2644
eaba2894
;
see
also
295
In
eukaryotic
cells,
nuclear
pore
complexes
(NPCs)
fuse
the
inner
and
outer
membranes
mediate
nucleocytoplasmic
exchange.
They
are
made
of
30
different
nucleoporins
form
a
cylindrical
architecture
around
an
aqueous
central
channel.
This
is
highly
dynamic
in
space
time.
Variations
NPC
diameter
have
been
reported,
but
physiological
circumstances
molecular
details
remain
unknown.
Here,
we
combined
cryo–electron
tomography
with
integrative
structural
modeling
to
capture
movie
respective
large-scale
conformational
changes
cellulo.
Although
NPCs
exponentially
growing
cells
adopted
dilated
conformation,
they
reversibly
constricted
upon
cellular
energy
depletion
or
conditions
hypertonic
osmotic
stress.
Our
data
point
model
where
envelope
membrane
tension
linked
conformation
NPC.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
102(1), С. 455 - 510
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021
Rho
GTPases
are
a
family
of
small
G
proteins
that
regulate
wide
array
cellular
processes
related
to
their
key
roles
controlling
the
cytoskeleton.
Cancer
is
multistep
disease
caused
by
accumulation
genetic
mutations
and
epigenetic
alterations,
from
initial
stages
cancer
development
when
cells
in
normal
tissues
undergo
transformation,
acquisition
invasive
metastatic
traits,
responsible
for
large
number
deaths.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
role
GTPase
signaling
every
step
progression.
contribute
tumor
initiation
progression,
regulating
proliferation
apoptosis,
but
also
metabolism,
senescence,
cell
stemness.
play
major
migration
process.
They
involved
interactions
with
microenvironment
inflammation,
contributing
After
years
intensive
research,
highlight
importance
relevant
models
field,
reflect
on
therapeutic
opportunities
arising
patients.
