Frontiers of Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(2)
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021
Interested
in
the
absolute
preservation
rate
of
one
best
understood
dinosaurs,
Tyrannosaurus
rex,
Marshall
et
al.
(2021)
estimated
total
number
that
ever
lived.
This
required
estimating
its
geographic
range,
longevity,
and
population
density,
which
body
mass
physiology.
Meiri
questions
precision
our
estimates,
emphasizing
difficulties
densities
ranges
for
living
species,
error
propagation.
He
posits
sizes
extinct
species
is
‘extremely
unlikely’.
While
we
agree
did
not
quantify
some
sources
uncertainty
(for
example,
physiology
T.
rex),
calculations
do
depend
on
short-term
changes
density
but
rather
their
long-term
averages,
rendering
many
Meiri’s
concerns
moot.
We
also
note
Monte
Carlo
Simulation
propagates
uncertainties
robustly.
That
is,
feel
have,
fact,
developed
a
general
method
regardless
any
shortfalls
implementation.
Frontiers of Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(2)
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021
Marshall
et
al.
recently
estimated
population
densities,
range
sizes,
instant
and
cumulative
total
sizes
for
Tyrannosaurus
rex
with
narrow
ranges
of
uncertainly.
I
revisit
the
assumptions
that
led
them
to
these
conclusions
show
many
parameters
are
associated
much
wider
margins
error
than
they
estimated.
Biogeographic
estimates
seem
have
been
especially
unrealistic,
seriously
hampering
effort
calculate
level
parameters.
posit
biogeographic
ecological
uncertainties
make
it
extremely
unlikely
be
able
estimate
long-extinct
species.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
1
Abstract
The
Phanerozoic
fossil
record
can
be
organized
as
a
nested
set
of
persistent
paleoecological
units,
ranging
from
paleocommunities
to
the
Evolutionary
Faunas.
This
paper
argues
that
basis
for
ecological
persistence
on
geological
timescales
is
rooted
in
robustness
communities,
is,
resistance
and
resilience
communities
when
perturbed
by
environment.
Here
I
present
Ecological
Functional
Networks
Hypothesis
(EFNH)
proposes
networks
species
functions,
or
(EFNs),
underlie
stasis
persistence,
EFNs
are
both
subject
selection
evolve.
An
EFN
varies
if
composition
hence
functional
structures
its
constituent
vary,
may
differ
each
other
based
those
numerical
representation,
biogeographic
distribution.
That
variation
acting
community
composition,
determines
an
differential
among
multiple
EFNs.
Selection
pressures
turn
exert
top-down
influence
evolution
extinction.
Evidence
presented
establish
reality
record,
example
persist
even
changes,
EFNs,
which
apparent
during
after
episodes
severe
biotic
turnover
such
mass
extinctions.
Finally,
tests
suggested
make
EFNH
falsifiable,
including
testing
correlation
between
emergent
traits
using
models
paleocommunity
dynamics
examine
relationship
persistence.
should
applied
broadly
throughout
diverse
environments.
part
growing
body
hypotheses
address
multilevel
non-reproducing
systems,
ecosystems
entire
biospheres,
addresses
concepts
timescales.
Abstract
I
present
a
simulation
model
on
vital
statistics,
absolute
abundance
(N,
total
number
of
individuals
that
ever
lived)
and
preservation
rate
(p,
minimum
fossils
known
divided
by
N)
Tyrannosaurus
rex
.
It
is
based
published
age‐structured
population
assumes
reptile
or
bird‐like
reproduction
for
T.
to
estimate
its
age‐specific
survival
rates.
My
applies
input
variables
equations
from
recently
N
p.
This
yielded
2.5
billion
(N)
one
fossil
per
80
million
(p).
The
average
values
calculated
my
were
at
27.6%
p
maximum
361.5%
previous
uncertainties
in
all
output
always
larger
model.
equation
variable
‘population
density’
introduced
the
largest
uncertainty
‘generation
time’
differed
most
between
models,
but
p,
huge
size
area
modelled
geological
longevity
minimized
this
difference.
Unlike
model,
generation
time
as
well
life
expectancies,
gross
rates,
reproductive
strongly
contradicted
our
current
understanding
biology
other
theropods.
Their
also
disagreed
with
those
large
extant
reptiles,
birds
mammals.
All
these
shortcomings
favour
assessment
individual
characteristics
extinct
species
using
Paleontología mexicana.,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(1), С. 43 - 52
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023
In
this
paper,
the
scientific
and
philosophical
implications
of
theory
that
suggests
existence
an
intelligent
civilisation
on
Earth
prior
to
mankind
is
discussed.
All
available
evidence
which
would
constrain
such
brought
into
discussion.
Therefore,
we
first
review
Drake
Equation
regarding
hypothesis.
We
summarily
appraise
Shadow
Biosphere
within
scope
theory.
Subsequently,
thoroughly
analyse
important
geochemical
sedimentological
constraints
proposal,
mainly
in
context
some
Fossillagerstätten.
This
leads
us
discuss
may
have
for
fields
Astrobiology
Palaeontology,
analysing
them
under
empiricist,
rationalist,
positivist
approaches.
contextually
examine
concepts
technological
species,
intelligence,
industrialisation,
taking
account
Furthermore,
debate
validity
hypothesis,
considering
all
it
presents
analysed
concepts.
Finally,
propose
hypothesis
epistemological/positivist
point
view.
Paleobiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
49(2), С. 259 - 270
Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022
Abstract
Developmental
plasticity,
where
traits
change
state
in
response
to
environmental
cues,
is
well
studied
modern
populations.
It
also
suspected
play
a
role
macroevolutionary
dynamics,
but
due
lack
of
long-term
records,
the
frequency
plasticity-led
evolution
deep
time
remains
unknown.
Populations
are
dynamic
entities,
yet
their
representation
fossil
record
static
snapshot
often
isolated
individuals.
Here,
we
apply
for
first
contemporary
integral
projection
models
(IPMs)
data
link
individual
development
with
expected
population
variation.
IPMs
describe
effects
growth
discrete
steps
on
dynamics.
We
parameterize
using
and
planktonic
foraminifer
Trilobatus
sacculifer
.
Foraminifera
grow
by
adding
chambers
stages
die
at
reproduction,
making
them
excellent
case
studies
IPMs.
Our
results
predict
that
somatic
rates
have
almost
twice
as
much
influence
dynamics
than
survival
more
eight
times
suggesting
selection
would
primarily
target
major
determinant
fitness.
As
numerous
paleobiological
systems
rate
increments
single
genetic
individuals
imaging
technologies
increasingly
available,
our
open
up
possibility
evidence-based
inference
developmental
plasticity
spanning
Given
centrality
ecology
thinking,
model
one
approach
help
bridge
eco-evolutionary
scales
while
directing
attention
toward
most
relevant
life-history
measure.
Frontiers of Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(2)
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021
Interested
in
the
absolute
preservation
rate
of
one
best
understood
dinosaurs,
Tyrannosaurus
rex,
Marshall
et
al.
(2021)
estimated
total
number
that
ever
lived.
This
required
estimating
its
geographic
range,
longevity,
and
population
density,
which
body
mass
physiology.
Meiri
questions
precision
our
estimates,
emphasizing
difficulties
densities
ranges
for
living
species,
error
propagation.
He
posits
sizes
extinct
species
is
‘extremely
unlikely’.
While
we
agree
did
not
quantify
some
sources
uncertainty
(for
example,
physiology
T.
rex),
calculations
do
depend
on
short-term
changes
density
but
rather
their
long-term
averages,
rendering
many
Meiri’s
concerns
moot.
We
also
note
Monte
Carlo
Simulation
propagates
uncertainties
robustly.
That
is,
feel
have,
fact,
developed
a
general
method
regardless
any
shortfalls
implementation.
