A conserved superlocus regulates above- and belowground root initiation

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 375(6584)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Plants continuously form new organs in different developmental contexts response to environmental cues. Underground lateral roots initiate from prepatterned cells the main root, but can also bypass root-shoot trajectory separation and generate shoot-borne through an unknown mechanism. We mapped tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) root development at single-cell resolution showed that these phloem-associated a unique transition state. This state requires activity of transcription factor we named SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS SBRL . Evolutionary analysis reveals ’s function cis regulation are conserved angiosperms it arose as ancient duplication, with paralogs controlling wound-induced initiation. propose activation common by context-specific regulators underlies plasticity plant systems.

Язык: Английский

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A century of studying plant secondary metabolism—From “what?” to “where, how, and why?”

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 195(1), С. 48 - 66

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Abstract Over the past century, early advances in understanding identity of chemicals that collectively form a living plant have led scientists to deeper investigations exploring where these molecules localize, how they are made, and why synthesized first place. Many small specific kingdom been termed secondary metabolites, despite fact can play primary essential roles structure, development, response environment. The 100 yr witnessed elucidation function, localization, biosynthesis selected metabolites. Nevertheless, many mysteries remain about vast diversity produced by plants their biology. From work characterizing unpurified extracts, modern integration ‘omics technology discover genes metabolite perception, research (bio)chemistry has knowledge with substantial benefits for society, including human medicine agricultural biotechnology. Here, we review history this offer suggestions future areas exploration. We also highlight some recently developed technologies leading ongoing advances.

Язык: Английский

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Deconstructing the root system of grasses through an exploration of development, anatomy and function

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(3), С. 602 - 619

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2022

Abstract Well‐adapted root systems allow plants to grow under resource‐limiting environmental conditions and are important determinants of yield in agricultural systems. Important staple crops such as rice maize belong the family grasses, which develop a complex system that consists an embryonic emerges from seed, postembryonic nodal basal regions shoot after germination. While early seedling establishment is dependent on system, its associated branches, gains importance plant matures will ultimately constitute bulk below‐ground growth. In this review, we aim give overview different types cereal grass systems, explore physiological roles they play by defining their anatomical features, outline genetic networks control development. Through deconstructed view function, provide parts‐list elements function together integrated promote survival crop productivity.

Язык: Английский

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The role of carotenoids as a source of retrograde signals: impact on plant development and stress responses

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73(21), С. 7139 - 7154

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Communication from plastids to the nucleus via retrograde signal cascades is essential modulate nuclear gene expression, impacting plant development and environmental responses. Recently, a new class of plastid signals has emerged, consisting acyclic cyclic carotenoids and/or their degradation products, apocarotenoids. Although biochemical identity many apocarotenoid still under current investigation, examples described herein demonstrate central roles that these carotenoid-derived play in ensuring survival. We present recent advances discovery role various developmental transitions stress Moreover, we highlight emerging data exposing highly complex transduction pathways underlying signaling cascades. Altogether, this review summarizes carotenoid pathway as major source plants.

Язык: Английский

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Natural overexpression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4 in tomato alters carotenoid flux

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 192(2), С. 1289 - 1306

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Abstract Carotenoids and apocarotenoids function as pigments flavor volatiles in plants that enhance consumer appeal offer health benefits. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.) fruit, especially those of wild species, exhibit a high degree natural variation carotenoid apocarotenoid contents. Using positional cloning an introgression line (IL) Solanum habrochaites “LA1777', IL8A, we identified cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) the factor responsible for controlling dark orange fruit color. CCD4b expression ripe IL8A was ∼8,000 times greater than type, presumably due to 5′ cis-regulatory changes. The ShCCD4b-GFP fusion protein localized plastid. Phytoene, ζ-carotene, neurosporene levels increased ShCCD4b-overexpressing whereas trans-lycopene, β-carotene, lutein were reduced, suggestive feedback regulation pathway by unknown apocarotenoid. Solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed geranylacetone β-ionone coupled with β-cyclocitral deficiency. In carotenoid-accumulating Escherichia coli strains, ShCCD4b cleaved both ζ-carotene β-carotene at C9–C10 (C9′–C10′) positions produce β-ionone, respectively. Exogenous decreased synthesis ripening tomato pepper (Capsicum annuum), suggesting inhibition pathway. Our findings will be helpful enhancing aesthetic nutritional value understanding complex regulatory mechanisms biogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Horticultural potential of chemical biology to improve adventitious rooting

Horticulture Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Abstract The first reports that auxins promoted root formation in cuttings and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was a particularly effective treatment date from the early 1930s. Since its introduction into horticultural practice, focus on improvements rooting of plants has been largely proper use to enhance adventitious (AR) as well increase range where it can be effective. In this review, we new ideas might build what is known about auxin induction AR. We explore evolution chemical biology opened through novel high-throughput screening tools regulation plant development add our understanding potential produce for manipulation using stronger analogues, alternative indolealkanoic acids, compounds alter β-oxidation IBA other conjugates, inhibitors conjugation, endogenous biosynthesis, hormones inhibit production or mimic effects signals involved AR are all discussed. expectation summary these advances important exploration improvement practical approaches advance methods.

Язык: Английский

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Extranuclear auxin signaling: a new insight into auxin's versatility

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 237(4), С. 1115 - 1121

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Summary Auxin phytohormone has a role in most aspects of the life land plant and is found even ancient plants such as single‐cell green algae. Auxin's ubiquitous but specific effects have been mainly explained by extraordinary ability to interpret spatiotemporal patterns auxin concentrations via regulation gene transcription. This thought be achieved through combinatorial two families nuclear coreceptor proteins, that TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 AUXIN‐SIGNALING F‐BOX (TIR1/AFB) AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID. Recent evidence suggested transcription‐independent roles TIR1/AFBs localized outside nucleus TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE (TMK)‐based signaling occurring plasma membrane. Furthermore, emerging supports coordinated action intra‐ extranuclear pathways regulate responses. Here, we highlight how acts inside for growth morphogenesis propose future direction biology lies elucidation new collaborative paradigm signaling.

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of the Main Constituents in Two Varieties of Proso Millet Using GC–MS

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(12), С. 2294 - 2294

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) is neglected in human nutrition. Thanks to the composition of grains, suitable for people with celiac disease and it also useful prevention cardiovascular diseases. For screening substances all plant parts via GC-MS, two varieties, Hanacká Mana Unicum, were used. Substances from group saccharides, amino acids, fatty carboxylic phytosterols others identified roots, leaves, stems, seeds. The highest level saccharides was found stems (83%); acids roots (6.9%); seeds (24.6%); (3%), (10.51%); other substances, such as tetramethyl-2-hexadecenol (1.84%) tocopherols (2.15%), leaves; retinal (1.30%) squalene (1.29%). Saccharides dominant proso followed by acids. sucrose, fructose psicose. On contrary, turanose, trehalose, glucose cellobiose belonged least represented sugars. Additionally, amyrin, miliacin, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, identified. Varietal variability can be assumed, e.g., retinal, miliacin or amyrin content.

Язык: Английский

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Apocarotenoid signals in plant development and beyond

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75(4), С. 1131 - 1133

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Apocarotenoid signals in plant development and beyondCarotenoids are much more than the familiar yellow-tored pigments that we find fruits flowers.Arguably it is products of carotenoid breakdown-the apocarotenoids-that most diverse terms chemical structure biological function.The hydrocarbon backbone presents a wide variety positions for oxidative cleavage modification to produce compounds serve as hormones, volatile aromas, intracellular secondary messengers.In this Special Issue, present collection articles discuss production, diversity, function apocarotenoids related compounds, particularly growth regulators rhizospheric signalling molecules.

Язык: Английский

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Anchorene, a carotenoid‐derived growth regulator, modulates auxin homeostasis by suppressing GH3‐mediated auxin conjugation

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 66(11), С. 2490 - 2504

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2024

ABSTRACT Anchorene, identified as an endogenous bioactive carotenoid‐derived dialdehyde and diapocarotenoid, affects root development by modulating auxin homeostasis. However, the precise interaction between anchorene auxin, well mechanisms which modulates levels, remain largely elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of anchorene's bioactivities alongside observed that induces multifaceted auxin‐like effects. Through genetic pharmacological examinations, revealed activities depend on indole‐3‐pyruvate‐dependent biosynthesis pathway, inactivation pathway mediated Group II Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) proteins mainly facilitate conjugation indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids, leading formation inactivated storage forms. Our measurements indicated treatment elevates IAA levels while reducing quantities IAA–amino conjugates oxIAA. RNA sequencing further triggers expression numerous auxin‐responsive genes in manner reliant GH3s. Additionally, our vitro enzymatic assays biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay demonstrated robust suppression GH3.17‐mediated with glutamate. Collectively, findings highlight significant role metabolite homeostasis, primarily through repression GH3‐mediated pathways, offering novel insights into regulatory plant apocarotenoids.

Язык: Английский

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