Effects of afforestation on soil microbial diversity and enzyme activity: A meta-analysis

Geoderma, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 423, С. 115961 - 115961

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Higher productivity in forests with mixed mycorrhizal strategies

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Abstract Decades of theory and empirical studies have demonstrated links between biodiversity ecosystem functioning, yet the putative processes that underlie these patterns remain elusive. This is especially true for forest ecosystems, where functional traits plant species are challenging to quantify. We analyzed 74,563 inventory plots span 35 ecoregions in contiguous USA found ~77% mixed mycorrhizal were more productive than either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungal-associated tree dominant. Moreover, positive effects mixing strategies on productivity pronounced at low high richness. conclude richness different may allow partition nutrient uptake thus can increase community productivity, whereas other dimensions diversity enhance resource partitioning productivity. Our findings highlight importance strategies, addition taxonomic general, maintaining functioning forests.

Язык: Английский

---

Ecosystem‐dependent responses of soil carbon storage to phosphorus enrichment

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 238(6), С. 2363 - 2374

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Phosphorus deposition can stimulate both plant carbon inputs and microbial outputs. However, how P enrichment affects soil organic (SOC) storage the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of 642 SOC observations from 213 field addition experiments world-wide explored regulations inputs, outputs, characteristics, environmental experimental factors on responses. found that, globally, stimulated by 4.0% (95% CI: 2.0-6.0%), but stimulation only occurred in forest cropland rather than grassland. Across sites, response correlated with that aboveground belowground biomass, suggesting change was more important regulating changes due to addition. Among multiple factors, N fixation status mean annual temperature were best predictors for responses addition, being higher ecosystems dominated symbiotic nitrogen fixers high-temperature regions like tropical forests. Our findings highlight differential ecosystem-dependent contribute accurate predictions dynamics P-enriched world.

Язык: Английский

---

Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(1867)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain achieving successful, long-term forest landscape (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge literature review identify gaps that need closing advance practice, as an introduction landmark theme issue on FLR UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with Adaptive Management Cycle FLR, 15 essential advances required facilitate success nature people. They highlight greatest challenges lie in conceptualization, planning assessment stages restoration, which require evidence base why, where how restore, at realistic scales. underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers trade-offs critical decision-making financing. The developing tropics priority region, scientists must work stakeholders Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific action outset will enable donors, decision makers implementers develop informed targets processes accountability. This article paves way 19 further articles issue, author contributions from world. is part 'Understanding restoration: reinforcing foundations Restoration'.

Язык: Английский

---

Distinguishing forest types in restored tropical landscapes with UAV-borne LIDAR

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290, С. 113533 - 113533

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Forest landscape restoration is a global priority to mitigate negative effects of climate change, conserve biodiversity, and ensure future sustainability forests, with international pledges concentrated in tropical forest regions. To hold efforts accountable monitor their outcomes, traditional strategies for monitoring tree cover increase by field surveys are falling short, because they labor-intensive costly. Meanwhile remote sensing approaches have not been able distinguish different types that result from utilizing (conservation versus production focus). Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAV) light detection ranging (LiDAR) sensors can observe forests` vertical horizontal structural variation, which has the potential types. In this study, we explored UAV-borne LiDAR landscapes under southeastern Brazil using supervised classification method. The study area encompassed 150 plots six divided two groups: conservation (remnant natural regrowth, active plantings) (monoculture, mixed, abandoned plantations) forests. data was used extract several Canopy Height Model (CHM), voxel, point cloud statistic based metrics at high resolution analysis. Using random model could successfully classify forests (90% accuracy). Classification entire set less accurate (62%) confusion matrix showed divide between Understory Leaf Area Index (LAI) variation vegetation density upper half canopy were most important metrics. particular, LAI understory may help advance ecological understanding restoration. difference success underlines difficulty distinguishing individual very similar management, regeneration dynamics, structure. context, ability identify complex structures plot scale groups widely distributed across restored medium accuracy. Future research explore fusion optical sensors, include successional stages analyses further characterize contributions

Язык: Английский

---

Carbon–biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse subtropical forest

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(18), С. 5321 - 5333

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Carbon-focused climate mitigation strategies are becoming increasingly important in forests. However, with ongoing biodiversity declines we require better knowledge of how much such account for biodiversity. We particularly lack information across multiple trophic levels and on established forests, where the interplay between carbon stocks, stand age, tree diversity might influence carbon-biodiversity relationships. Using a large dataset (>4600 heterotrophic species 23 taxonomic groups) from secondary, subtropical tested multitrophic within groups relate to aboveground, belowground, total stocks at different richness age. Our study revealed that aboveground carbon, key component climate-based management, was largely unrelated diversity. By contrast, stocks-that is, including belowground carbon-emerged as significant predictor Relationships were nonlinear strongest lower levels, but nonsignificant higher level Tree age moderated these relationships, suggesting long-term regeneration forests may be effective reconciling targets. findings highlight benefits climate-oriented management need evaluated carefully, only maximizing fail conservation requirements.

Язык: Английский

---

Big-sized trees and higher species diversity improve water holding capacities of forests in northeast China

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 880, С. 163263 - 163263

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures—a meta-analysis

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

Although decades of research suggest that higher species richness improves ecosystem functioning and stability, planted forests are predominantly monocultures. To determine whether diversification plantations would enhance aboveground carbon storage, we systematically reviewed over 11,360 publications, acquired data from a global network tree diversity experiments. We compiled maximum dataset 79 monoculture to mixed comparisons 21 sites with all variables needed for meta-analysis. assessed stocks in mixed-species vs. (a) the average monocultures, (b) best monoculture, (c) commercial examined potential mechanisms driving differences between mixtures On average, found were 70% than 77% 25% performing although latter was not statistically significant. Overyielding highest four-species (richness range 2–6 species), but otherwise none (nitrogen-fixer present absent; native non-native/mixed origin; experiment forestry plantation) consistently explained variation effects. Our results, young stands, thus could be very promising solution increasing sequestration represent call action more increase confidence these results elucidate methods overcome any operational challenges costs associated diversification.

Язык: Английский

---

The impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem services change modulated by drought and rising CO₂

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(18), С. 5304 - 5320

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Ecological restoration projects (ERPs) are an indispensable component of natural climate solutions and have proven to be very important for reversing environmental degradation in vulnerable regions enhancing ecosystem services. However, the level enhancement would inevitably influenced by global drought rising CO2 , which remain less investigated. In this study, we took Beijing-Tianjin sand source region (which has experienced long-term ERPs), China, as example combined process-based Biome-BGCMuSo model set multiple scenarios address issue. We found ERP-induced carbon sequestration (CS), water retention (WR), soil (SR), sandstorm prevention (SP) increased 22.21%, 2.87%, 2.35%, 28.77%, respectively. Moreover, services promotion from afforestation was greater than that grassland planting. Approximately 91.41%, 98.13%, 64.51% CS, SR, SP were contributed afforestation. also caused WR decline. Although amplified ERPs, it almost totally offset drought. The contribution ERPs WR, reduced 5.74%, 32.62%, 11.74%, 14.86%, respectively, under . Our results confirmed importance strengthening provision. Furthermore, provide a quantitative way understand influence rate on service dynamics. addition, considerable negative change impact implied strategies should optimized improve resilience better combat impacts.

Язык: Английский

---

Interspecific plant-plant interactions increase the soil microbial network stability, shift keystone microbial taxa, and enhance their functions in mixed stands

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 533, С. 120851 - 120851

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

---