Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022

Abstract Genomic sequencing is essential to track the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2, optimize molecular tests, treatments, vaccines, guide public health responses. To investigate global SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, we used sequences shared via GISAID estimate impact intensity turnaround times on variant detection in 189 countries. In first two years pandemic, 78% high-income countries sequenced >0.5% their COVID-19 cases, while 42% low- middle-income reached that mark. Around 25% genomes from high income were submitted within 21 days, a pattern observed 5% We found around 0.5% with time <21 could provide benchmark for surveillance. Socioeconomic inequalities undermine pandemic preparedness, efforts must be made support improve local capacity.

Язык: Английский

---

Estimating the impact of COVID-19 vaccine inequities: a modeling study

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023

Abstract Access to COVID-19 vaccines on the global scale has been drastically hindered by structural socio-economic disparities. Here, we develop a data-driven, age-stratified epidemic model evaluate effects of vaccine inequities in twenty lower middle and low income countries (LMIC) selected from all WHO regions. We investigate quantify potential higher or earlier doses availability. In doing so, focus crucial initial months distribution administration, exploring counterfactual scenarios where assume same per capita daily vaccination rate reported high countries. estimate that more than 50% deaths (min-max range: [54−94%]) occurred analyzed could have averted. further consider LMIC had similarly early access as Even without increasing number doses, an important fraction [6−50%]) absence availability high-income countries, suggests additional non-pharmaceutical interventions inducing considerable relative decrease transmissibility [15−70%]) would required offset lack vaccines. Overall, our results negative impacts underscore need for intensified efforts devoted provide faster programs lower-middle-income

Язык: Английский

---

Barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccination in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Abstract Background Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Globally, both men and women have a 50% risk of being infected at least once in their life. HPV prevalence among highest sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an average 24%. causes different types cancers, including cervical cancer (CC), which leading cause deaths SSA. HPV-vaccination has been proven to be effective reducing induced cancers. SSA countries are delayed reaching WHO’s target fully vaccinating 90% girls within age 15 by 2030. Our systematic review aims identify barriers facilitators inform national implementation strategies region. Methods This mixed method based on PRISMA statement The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual. Search were adapted each selected database: PubMed/MEDLINE, Livivo, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Journals Online for papers published English, Italian, German, French Spanish between 1 December 2011 31 2021. Zotero Rayyan software used data management. appraisal was conducted three independent reviewers. Results A total 20 articles from initial 536 articles. Barriers included: limited health system capacities, socio-economic status, stigma, fear costs vaccines, negative experience with vaccinations, COVID-19 pandemic, lack correct information, education (HE) consent. Additionally, we found that boys scarcely considered parents stakeholders. Facilitators information knowledge, policy implementation, positive HE, stakeholders’ engagement, women’s empowerment, community seasonality, target-oriented vaccination campaigns. Conclusions synthesizes HPV-vaccinations Addressing these can contribute more immunization programs targeted eliminating CC line WHO 90/70/90 strategy. Registration funding Protocol ID: CRD42022338609 registered International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Partial funds: German Centre Infection research (DZIF) project NAMASTE: 8,008,803,819.

Язык: Английский

---

Vaccine access, equity and justice: COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination

BMJ Global Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(6), С. e011881 - e011881

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Although significant progress has been made in achieving goals for COVID-19 vaccine access, the quest equity and justice remains an unfinished agenda. Vaccine nationalism prompted calls new approaches to achieve equitable access not only vaccines but also vaccination. This includes ensuring country community participation global discussions that local needs strengthen health systems, address issues related social determinants of health, build trust leverage acceptance vaccines, are addressed. Regional technology manufacturing hubs promising challenges must be integrated with efforts ensure demand. The current situation underlines need demand system strengthening addressed along priorities achieved. Innovations improve accountability existing platforms needed. Sustained political will investment is required ongoing production non-pandemic sustained demand, particularly when perceived threat disease appears waning. Several recommendations govern towards including codesigning path forward low-income middle-income countries; establishing stronger measures; dedicated groups engage countries affordable supply predictable balance; addressing through leveraging development delivering on product presentations informed by needs. Even if difficult, we converge a definition well advance next pandemic.

Язык: Английский

---

The impact of delayed access to COVID-19 vaccines in low- and lower-middle-income countries

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

A majority of low-income (LIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) were unable to achieve at least 10% population coverage during initial vaccine rollouts, despite the rapid development coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Nearly three years into this pandemic, evaluating impact inequities in access, uptake, availability is long overdue. We hypothesized that a delay receiving COVID-19 vaccines was associated with an increased toll on cumulative cases mortality. Furthermore, relationship modified by size country's economy.We performed ecological study assessing these relationships, which economic standing assessed world bank income classification, gross domestic product based purchasing power parity (GDP PPP) per capita category, crude GDP PPP.Countries smallest economies reported first vaccination much later than larger all rankings, as 100 days longer. Among countries, one-day increase until 1.92% (95% CI: 0.100, 3.87) when compared high-income (p = 0.0395) adjusting for size, median age, testing data availability. Similarly, among lowest PPP 2.73% 5.44) highest 0.0415). When modeling mortality, effects same direction magnitude observed, albeit statistically non-significant.Economic delayed access LMICs tended fare worse outcomes eventual rollout These findings highlight importance prioritizing equitable timely across irrespective size. Future studies should examine impacts had local transmission dynamics.

Язык: Английский

---

A deep learning approach for classification of COVID and pneumonia using DenseNet‐201

International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(1), С. 18 - 38

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

Abstract In the present paper, our model consists of deep learning approach: DenseNet201 for detection COVID and Pneumonia using Chest X‐ray Images. The is a framework consisting modeling software which assists in Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act Compliance protects secures Protected Information . need proposed medical facilities shall give feedback to radiologist detecting pneumonia though transfer methods. A Graphical User Interface tool allows technician upload chest Image. then uploads radiograph (CXR) developed detection. Once radiographs are processed, receive Classification disease further aids them verify similar CXR Images draw conclusion. Our dataset from Kaggle if we observe results, get an accuracy 99.1%, sensitivity 98.5%, specificity 98.95%. Bio‐Medical Innovation user‐ready providers providing patients with best‐suited medication regimen by looking into previous confirming results. There motivation design more such applications Medical Image Analysis future serve community improve patient care.

Язык: Английский

---

Last-mile delivery increases vaccine uptake in Sierra Leone

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 627(8004), С. 612 - 619

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Abstract Less than 30% of people in Africa received a dose the COVID-19 vaccine even 18 months after development 1 . Here, motivated by observation that residents remote, rural areas Sierra Leone faced severe access difficulties 2 , we conducted an intervention with last-mile delivery doses and health professionals to most inaccessible areas, along community mobilization. A cluster randomized controlled trial 150 communities showed this mobile vaccination teams increased immunization rate about 26 percentage points within 48–72 h. Moreover, auxiliary populations visited our points, which more doubled number inoculations administered. The additional vaccinated per site translated implementation cost US $33 person vaccinated. Transportation reach remote villages accounted for large share total costs. Therefore, bundling multiple maternal child interventions same visit would further reduce costs treated. Current research on maintains focus individual behavioural issues such as hesitancy. Our study demonstrates prioritizing services overcome developing countries can generate returns terms uptake 3

Язык: Английский

---

Assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and barriers to uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa

Communications Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Despite improved availability of COVID-19 vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa, vaccination campaigns the region have struggled to pick up pace and trail rest world. Yet, a successful campaign Africa will be critical containing globally.Here, we present new descriptive evidence on vaccine hesitancy, uptake, last-mile delivery barriers, potential strategies reach those who remain unvaccinated. Our data comes from national high frequency phone surveys six countries East West with total population 415 million people. Samples were drawn nationally representative samples households interviewed recent in-person surveys. estimates are based survey module harmonized across re-weighted mitigate sample selection biases.We show that acceptance remains generally among respondents (between 95.1% 63.3%) even though hesitancy is non-negligible pending vaccination. Many willing get vaccinated deterred by lack easy access at local level. Furthermore, social ties perceptions as well intra-household power relations matter for take-up. Among unvaccinated population, radio broadcasts widespread medical professionals highly trusted.Our findings highlight creating positive norm around vaccination, messaging leverages trusted accessible information sources channels, more easily sites community level promising policy options boost end pandemic everywhere.COVID-19 coverage behind As home nearly 1.2 billion people (15% world population), achieving levels important globally. We conduct learn how best promote uptake region. focus peoples’ willingness vaccinated, barriers prevent them accessing vaccines, out not been yet. find but poor prevents many getting vaccinated. can help policymakers design effective campaigns.

Язык: Английский

---

COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Egypt: a large-scale national survey – to help achieving vaccination target, March-May, 2022

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Abstract Background Only 57 countries have vaccinated 70% of their population against COVID-19, most them in high-income countries, whereas almost one billion people low-income remained unvaccinated. In March–May 2022, Egypt's Ministry Health and Population (MoHP) conducted a nationwide community-based survey to determine COVID-19 vaccine coverage people's perceptions vaccination order improve uptake confidence among Egyptians, as well prioritize interventions. Methods A cross-sectional population-based household Egyptians ≥ 18 years age was implemented two phases using multistage random sampling technique all Egypt’s 27 governorates. sample 18,000 subjects divided into 450 clusters 20 households each calculated proportion governorate the main occupation population. Participants were interviewed semistructured questionnaire that included demographics, information from card, history infection, reasons for refusal unvaccinated, experience subjects. Vaccination rates by dividing numbers total number participants. Bivariate multivariate analyses performed comparing unvaccinated identify risk factors low uptake. Results Overall 18,107 interviewed, mean 42 ± 16 58.8% females. Of them, 8,742 (48.3%) had 8,020 (44.3%) fully vaccinated. Factors associated with analysis included: groups (18–29 30–39) (ORs 2.0 (95% C.I. 1.8–2.2) 1.3 C.I.1.2–1.4), respectively), residences urban or frontier governorates 1.6 1.5–1.8) 1.2 1.1–1.4), housewives self-employed 1.2–1.4) married 1.2–1.4), primary secondary educated 1.1 1.01–1.2) 1.1(1.04–1.2) respectively). Vaccine hesitancy due fear adverse events (17.5%), mistrust (10.2%), concern over safety during pregnancy lactation (6.9%), chronic diseases (5.0%). Conclusions Survey identified lower Egypt compared WHO target. Communication programs targeting are needed eliminate barriers related convenience, side effects, effectively promote Findings could contribute significantly promotion guiding decision-making efforts on risky preventing hesitancy.

Язык: Английский

---

A systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to promote vaccination uptake

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(9), С. 1689 - 1705

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---