Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants are mainly defined by mutations in their spike. It is therefore critical to understand how the evolutionary trajectories of spike affect virus phenotypes. So far, it has been challenging comprehensively compare many spikes that emerged during pandemic a single experimental platform. Here we generated panel recombinant viruses carrying different proteins from 27 circulating between 2020 and 2024 same genomic background. We then assessed several phenotypic traits both vitro vivo. found distinct among before after emergence Omicron variants. Spike post-Omicron maintained enhanced tropism for nasal epithelium large airways but displayed, over time, typical pre-Omicron Hence, with features pre- may continue emerge future.

Язык: Английский

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Key lessons from the COVID-19 public health response in Australia

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30, С. 100616 - 100616

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Collagen as a Biomaterial for Skin and Corneal Wound Healing

Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(4), С. 249 - 249

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022

The cornea and the skin are two organs that form outer barrier of human body. When either is injured (e.g., from surgery, physical trauma, or chemical burns), wound healing initiated to restore integrity. Many cells activated during healing. In particular, fibroblasts stimulated often transition into repair myofibroblasts synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) components area. Control ECM deposition critical, as a disorganized can block restoration function. One most abundant structural proteins in mammalian collagen. Collagen type I main component connective tissues. It be readily obtained purified, short analogs have also been developed for tissue engineering applications, including modulating response. This review discusses effect several current collagen implants on stimulation corneal These range sponges hydrogels films membranes.

Язык: Английский

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Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Rapid Evolution of Immunity- and Cancer-Related Genes in Bats

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Bats are exceptional among mammals for their powered flight, extended lifespans, and robust immune systems therefore have been of particular interest in comparative genomics. Using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read platform, we sequenced genomes two bat species with key phylogenetic positions, Jamaican fruit (Artibeus jamaicensis) Mesoamerican mustached (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), carried out a comprehensive genomic analysis diverse collection bats other mammals. The high-quality, genome assemblies revealed contraction interferon (IFN)-α at immunity-related type I IFN locus bats, resulting shift relative IFN-ω IFN-α copy numbers. Contradicting previous hypotheses constitutive expression being feature system, three lost all genes. This to could contribute increased viral tolerance that has made common reservoir viruses can be transmitted humans. Antiviral genes stimulated by IFNs also showed evidence rapid evolution, including lineage-specific duplication IFN-induced transmembrane positive selection IFIT2. In addition, 33 tumor suppressors 6 DNA-repair signs selection, perhaps contributing longevity reduced cancer rates bats. rely on both bat-wide evolution gene repertoire, suggesting strategies. Our study provides new resources sheds light extraordinary molecular this critically important group

Язык: Английский

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Accounting for ‘ESG’ under Disruptions: A Systematic Literature Network Analysis

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(8), С. 6633 - 6633

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2023

Corporations and small/medium enterprises (SMEs) are subject to a variety of external internal pressures that often lead changes in their corporate governance structures accounting/reporting systems. The environment which these organizations collocated has undergone deep process change, due the COVID-19 pandemic, climate blockchain, energy industry crisis. Business activities represent critical vital component human existence across globe—one is not restricted financial standpoint—and impact on societal, environmental animal conditions now undisputed. However, frequently coupled with allegations being actual causes those disruptions collapses persist escaping scrutiny international governments. For effective delivery sustainable business activities, concepts accountability crucial, future inhabitants planet Earth arguably dependent ability corporations (through entire value chain) govern themselves well demonstrate many stakeholders. This should be achieved through adoption good standards accepted, globally harmonised ‘Environmental, Social Governance’ (ESG) reporting tools able strategically assess evaluate risk exposure provide forward-looking information. In this context, few studies have actually examined issues thoroughly, and, because findings been contradictory, there still no definitive understanding weak accounting for ESG dynamics under disruption. A systematic literature network analysis (SLNA) used study examine evolution research domain based existing relationships (e.g., aggregation, cross-citations isolation) among authors contributing field. current state art, disclosing interesting timely directions. Furthermore, employs novel approach known as SLNA conduct analyses, confirming its efficacy tool dynamic also within field sustainability research.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 61(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is notable both for its impact on global public health as well well-publicized transmissibility to other species of animals. Infection incidental animal hosts concerning because possible emergence novel variants due viral mutation. Species that are susceptible SARS-CoV-2 include domestic and nondomestic cats, dogs, white-tailed deer, mink, golden hamsters, among others. We detail origins transmission humans, the ecological molecular mechanisms needed virus establish infection in humans from highlight examples spillover, spillback, secondary demonstrating breadth variability current events have been documented domestic, captive, wild Lastly, we turn our focus importance potential reservoirs sources variant can profound effects human population. note a One Health approach emphasizing surveillance animals certain environments using interdisciplinary collaboration encouraged manage disease surveillance, regulation trade testing, vaccine development will mitigate further outbreaks. These efforts minimize spread advance knowledge prevent future emerging infectious diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Host adaptive radiation is associated with rapid virus diversification and cross-species transmission in African cichlid fishes

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(6), С. 1247 - 1257.e3

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Adaptive radiations are generated through a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors. Although adaptive have been widely studied in the context animal plant evolution, little is known about how they impact evolution viruses that infect these hosts, which turn may provide insights into drivers cross-species transmission hence disease emergence. We examined rapid radiation cichlid fishes African Lake Tanganyika over last 10 million years has shaped diversity carry. Through metatranscriptomic analysis 2,242 RNA sequencing libraries, we identified 121 vertebrate-associated among various tissue types fell 13 4 DNA virus groups. Host-switching was commonplace, particularly within Astroviridae, Metahepadnavirus, Nackednavirus, Picornaviridae, Hepacivirus groups, occurring more frequently than other fish communities. A time-calibrated phylogeny revealed hepacivirus diversification not constant throughout but accelerated 2–3 ago, coinciding with period niche packing Tanganyika, thereby providing closely related hosts for viral infection. These data depict dynamic ecosystem cichlids characterized by frequent host jumping, likely reflecting their close phylogenetic relationships lower barriers to transmission.

Язык: Английский

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Deep Learning and Likelihood Approaches for Viral Phylogeography Converge on the Same Answers Whether the Inference Model Is Right or Wrong

Systematic Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(1), С. 183 - 206

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Analysis of phylogenetic trees has become an essential tool in epidemiology. Likelihood-based methods fit models to phylogenies draw inferences about the phylodynamics and history viral transmission. However, these are often computationally expensive, which limits complexity realism phylodynamic makes them ill-suited for informing policy decisions real-time during rapidly developing outbreaks. Likelihood-free using deep learning pushing boundaries inference beyond constraints. In this paper, we extend, compare, contrast a recently developed method likelihood-free from trees. We trained multiple neural networks simulated outbreaks that spread among 5 locations found they achieve close same levels accuracy as Bayesian under true simulation model. compared robustness model misspecification network method. both had comparable performance, converging on similar biases. also implemented uncertainty quantification called conformalized quantile regression demonstrate patterns sensitivity highest posterior density (HPD) greatly overlap with HPDs, but have lower precision (more conservative). Finally, tested against phylogeographic data recent study SARS-Cov-2 pandemic Europe obtained estimates region-specific epidemiological parameters location common ancestor Europe. Along being accurate robust likelihood-based methods, our average over 3 orders magnitude faster after training. Our results support notion can be accurately mimic good bad statistical properties likelihood functions generative models.

Язык: Английский

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Defining diverse Spike-Receptor interactions involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 110507 - 110507

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA virus that caused the Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein binds to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) on host cells facilitate viral entry. However, presence of in nearly all human organs - including those with little or no ACE2 expression suggests involvement alternative receptors. Recent studies have identified several cellular proteins and molecules influence entry through ACE2-dependent, ACE2-independent, inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we explore how these receptors were identified, their patterns roles entry, impact infection. Additionally, discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting virus-receptor interactions mitigate COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens

Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 37(2), С. 124 - 136

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Life on earth, as we know it, is changing. The likelihood of more frequent pandemics and disease outbreaks something that current global healthcare infrastructure ill equipped to navigate. Human activity forcing our planet into a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene, which typified by increased uncertainty resulting from human disruption earth's life-giving ecosystems. Plagues have always been unfortunate partners periods disruption, they will be again if frequency severity climate conflict-mediated disasters increase in coming years. If continue exceed degrade planetary boundaries protect health, children their reap consequences. Scientists defined nine 'safe operating' for life all its glorious diversity thrive earth. Recent evidence suggests six these already transgressed, but potential implications transgressions upon child health not well articulated. We highlight how contravention impact infectious risk humans' ability survive thrive. reflect specifically paediatricians are called speak up most vulnerable members species, young yet unborn future generations. Post COVID-19 initiatives improve pandemic preparedness response certainly warranted, prevention should include committed efforts safe boundaries. Willingly exceeding has deep moral consequences poorly articulated ethical frameworks. Paediatricians best placed develop champion neglected 'third dimension' medical ethics, recognizing imperative long-term interests

Язык: Английский

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