Abstract.
A
new
retrieval
algorithm
to
obtain
vertical
profiles
of
the
aerosol
extinction
coefficient
from
measurements
scattered
solar
light
in
limb
viewing
geometry
made
by
OMPS-LP
instrument
is
presented.
The
method
employs
normalization
radiances
irradiance
contrast
a
measurement
at
an
upper
tangent
height,
which
used
most
other
published
limb-scatter
retrievals.
main
advantage
this
approach
nearly
complete
elimination
dependence
results
on
prior
profile
retrieval.
This
makes
well
suitable
analyze
observation
scenes
with
highly
elevated
plumes
as
occurred
after
Hunga
Tonga-Hunga
Ha'apai
volcanic
eruption
January
2022.
were
compared
independent
data
SAGE
III/ISS
and
OSIRIS.
In
general,
agreement
within
25
%
between
different
products
was
observed
although
larger
differences
seen
very
strong
eruptions
wildfires.
product
investigate
evolution
plume
eruption.
Geophysical Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
51(8)
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024
Abstract
The
January
2022
eruption
of
Hunga
Tonga‐Hunga
Ha'apai
(HTHH)
injected
a
huge
amount
(∼150
Tg)
water
vapor
(H
2
O)
into
the
stratosphere,
along
with
small
SO
.
An
off‐line
3‐D
chemical
transport
model
(CTM)
successfully
reproduces
spread
H
O
through
October
2023
as
observed
by
Microwave
Limb
Sounder.
Dehydration
in
Antarctic
polar
vortex
caused
first
substantial
(∼20
removal
HTHH
from
stratosphere.
CTM
indicates
that
this
process
will
dominate
for
coming
years,
giving
an
overall
e‐folding
timescale
4
years;
around
25
Tg
is
predicted
to
still
remain
stratosphere
2030.
Following
relatively
low
column
ozone
midwinter
due
effects,
additional
springtime
depletion
O‐related
chemistry
was
and
maximized
at
edge
(10
DU
column).
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
451, С. 108077 - 108077
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024
An
extraordinarily
powerful,
explosive
eruption
occurred
from
Hunga
volcano
in
the
Tonga
island
arc
on
15
January
2022
and
generated
an
column
58
km
high.
The
also
atmospheric
gravity
waves,
extreme
runup
tsunamis
quite
unusual
destructive
meteotsunamis.
Together
these
place
this
VEI
6
as,
globally,
one
of
largest
past
300
years
Based
oceanic
context
volcano,
it
has
previously
been
assumed
that
was
phreatomagmatic
through
a
fuel-coolant
Surtseyan-type
interaction,
but
is
not
supported
by
satellite
imagery.
Similarly,
suggested
caldera-collapse
trigger,
bathymetric
data
or
seismicity
recorded
during
eruption.
Here
we
develop
new
model
based
observed
energetics
time
sequence
integrated
with
understanding
internal
structure
active
volcanoes
their
characteristic
high
flux
discharges
volcanic
gas.
It
shown
elsewhere
magma-derived
reactive
gases
(H2O,
CO2,
SO2,
HCl,
etc)
aggressively
alter
rocks
core
leading
to
selfsealing
gas
flow
surface
consequent
changes
deviatoric
stress
structure.
Common
minerals
developed
reactions
include
anhydrite
(CaSO4),
sulphides
silica
(quartz).
all
which
have
ejecta
including
at
Hunga.
We
here
first
order
numerical
quantifies
how
free
discharge
such
may
progressively
become
choked
sealing
increased
pressure.
Hydraulic
fracture
seal
occurs
when
transmitted
pressure
compressed
magmatic
beneath
increases
value
greater
than
lithostatic
plus
tensile
strength
sealed
rock.
This
initiates
release
whose
high-power
develops
enlarges
crater.
At
same
explosion
feeds
upon
itself
generating
larger
gradients
pressurized
within
fractured
porous
rock
mass
volcano.
Excavation
crater
intersect
level
intrusions
produce
pumice
rafts
were
after
diminished
intensity
as
reservoir
declined.
excavated
850
m
deep,
2-3
diameter
steep-walled
volume
be
approximate
(the
control
eruption)
trapped
mined
until
surrounding
depleted.
Our
shows
calculated
potential
energy
matches
independent
observations
scale
Sensor
since
bubble
flares
continued
for
least
months
indicating
depletion
systems-based,
gas-driven
climactic
applies
Plinean-type
eruptions
subaerial
Pinatubo
(Philippines)
1991.
Abstract.
A
new
retrieval
algorithm
to
obtain
vertical
profiles
of
the
aerosol
extinction
coefficient
from
measurements
scattered
solar
light
in
limb
viewing
geometry
made
by
OMPS-LP
instrument
is
presented.
The
method
employs
normalization
radiances
irradiance
contrast
a
measurement
at
an
upper
tangent
height,
which
used
most
other
published
limb-scatter
retrievals.
main
advantage
this
approach
nearly
complete
elimination
dependence
results
on
prior
profile
retrieval.
This
makes
well
suitable
analyze
observation
scenes
with
highly
elevated
plumes
as
occurred
after
Hunga
Tonga-Hunga
Ha'apai
volcanic
eruption
January
2022.
were
compared
independent
data
SAGE
III/ISS
and
OSIRIS.
In
general,
agreement
within
25
%
between
different
products
was
observed
although
larger
differences
seen
very
strong
eruptions
wildfires.
product
investigate
evolution
plume
eruption.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Stratospheric
ozone,
which
has
been
depleted
in
recent
decades
by
the
release
of
anthropogenic
gases,
is
critical
for
shielding
biosphere
against
ultraviolet‐B
(UV‐B)
radiation.
Although
ozone
layer
expected
to
recover
before
end
21st
century,
a
hole
over
Antarctica
continues
appear
each
year.
Ozone
depletion
usually
peaks
between
September
and
October,
when
fortunately,
most
Antarctic
terrestrial
vegetation
soil
biota
frozen,
dormant
protected
under
snow
cover.
Similarly,
much
marine
life
sea
ice
The
used
close
onset
summer,
meaning
that
were
not
exposed
severe
springtime
UV‐B
fluxes.
However,
years,
persisted
into
December,
marks
beginning
austral
summer.
Early
summertime
concerning:
high
incident
radiation
coincident
with
snowmelt
emergence
will
mean
more
exposed.
start
summer
also
peak
breeding
season
many
animals,
thus
extreme
exposure
(UV
index
up
14)
may
come
at
vulnerable
time
their
cycle.
Climate
change,
including
changing
wind
patterns
strength,
particularly
declining
ice,
are
likely
compound
organisms,
through
earlier
snowmelt,
heatwaves
droughts.
field
research
conducted
ago
tended
study
UV
impacts
isolation
considers
multiple
climate
impacts,
true
magnitude
timing
current
increases
needed.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
23(20), С. 13355 - 13367
Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2023
Abstract.
Near-term
in-plume
ozone
depletion
was
observed
for
about
10
d
by
the
Aura
Microwave
Limb
Sounder
(MLS)
right
after
January
2022
Hunga
Tonga–Hunga
Ha'apai
(HTHH)
eruption.
This
work
analyzes
dynamic
and
chemical
causes
of
this
depletion.
The
results
show
that
large
water
injection
(∼
150
Tg)
from
HTHH
eruption,
with
∼
0.0013
Tg
ClO
(or
0.0009
HCl),
loss
due
to
strongly
enhanced
HOx
ClOx
cycles
their
interactions.
Aside
gas-phase
chemistry,
heterogeneous
reaction
rate
HOCl
+
HCl
→
Cl2
H2O
increases
104
cm−3
s−1
is
a
major
cause
chlorine
activation,
making
event
unique
compared
springtime
polar
where
ClONO2
more
important.
relative
humidity
over
ice
increase
70
%–100
%,
decreases
H2SO4
/
binary
solution
weight
percent
35
%
ambient
value,
plume
temperature
2–6
K.
These
changes
lead
high
rates.
Plume
lofting
ozone-poor
air
evident
during
first
2
but
concentrations
quickly
recover
because
its
lifetime
short
at
20
hPa.
With
such
seawater
injection,
we
expect
5
Cl
lifted
into
stratosphere
eruption
in
form
NaCl,
only
0.02
remained
as
active
stratosphere.
Lightning
NOx
are
probably
not
reason
initial
O3
loss.
Authorea (Authorea),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
The
2022
Hunga
eruption
caused
unprecedented
stratospheric
hydration.
Aura
Microwave
Limb
Sounder
(MLS)
measurements
show
that
the
water
vapor
mass
remains
essentially
unchanged
as
of
early
2024
and
hydration
occurred
atop
a
robust
(possibly
accelerating)
moistening
trend
in
stratosphere.
Enhanced
by
excess
vapor,
dehydration
via
polar
cloud
(PSC)
sedimentation
2023
Antarctic
vortex
exceeded
climatological
values
~50%.
Simple
projections,
based
solely
on
dehydration,
illustrate
timing
return
to
humidity
levels
would
have
been
expected
absent
depends
ongoing
trend.
For
strong
moistening,
influx
entering
stratosphere
could
offset
enhanced
PSC
resulting
new,
more
humid
‘equilibrium’
state.
With
compounding
an
underlying
trend,
remain
anomalously
for
extended
period.
Atmosphere,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(4), С. 483 - 483
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2024
In
this
study,
an
overview
of
two
years
research
findings
concerning
the
2022
Hunga
Tonga–Hunga
Ha’apai
(HTHH)
volcanic
eruption
in
stratospheric
environment
is
provided,
focusing
on
water
vapor,
aerosols,
and
ozone.
Additionally,
potential
impacts
these
changes
aviation
equipment
materials
are
discussed.
The
HTHH
released
a
large
amount
particles
(e.g.,
ash
ice)
gases
H2O,
SO2,
HCl),
significantly
affecting
redistribution
vapor
aerosols.
Stratospheric
increased
by
approximately
140–150
Tg
(8–10%),
with
concentration
peak
observed
height
range
22.2–27
km
(38–17
hPa).
Satellite
measurements
indicate
that
volcano
injected
0.2–0.5
sulfur
dioxide
into
stratosphere,
which
was
partially
converted
sulfate
In-situ
observations
revealed
aerosols
exhibit
hygroscopic
characteristics,
particle
sizes
ranging
from
0.22–0.42
μm
under
background
conditions
to
0.42–1.27
μm.
moist
aerosol
surface
area,
inducing
heterogeneous
chlorine
chemical
reactions
surface,
resulting
ozone
depletion
plume
within
one
week.
addition,
atmospheric
disturbances
ionospheric
disruptions
triggered
eruptions
may
adversely
affect
aircraft
communication
systems.
Further
required
understand
evolution
impact
activity
materials.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(17), С. 7433 - 7444
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024
Ozone
(O3)
profiles
are
crucial
for
comprehending
the
intricate
interplay
among
O3
sources,
sinks,
and
transport.
However,
conventional
monitoring
approaches
often
suffer
from
limitations
such
as
low
spatiotemporal
resolution,
high
cost,
cumbersome
procedures.
Here,
we
propose
a
novel
approach
that
combines
multiaxis
differential
optical
absorption
spectroscopy
(MAX-DOAS)
machine
learning
(ML)
technology.
This
allows
retrieval
of
with
exceptionally
temporal
resolution
at
minute
level
vertical
reaching
hundred-meter
scale.
The
ML
models
trained
using
parameters
obtained
radiative
transfer
modeling,
MAX-DOAS
observations,
reanalysis
data
set.
To
enhance
accuracy
retrieving
aqueous
phosphorus
O3,
employ
stacking
in
constructing
models.
retrieved
compared
to
an
situ
instrument,
lidar,
satellite
observation,
demonstrating
consistency.
total
error
this
is
estimated
be
within
25%.
On
balance,
study
first
ground-based
passive
remote
sensing
time-height-resolved
distribution
ground
stratopause
(0–60
km).
It
opens
up
new
avenues
enhancing
our
understanding
dynamics
atmospheric
environments.
Moreover,
cost-effective
portable
combined
versatile
profiling
enables
potential
stereoscopic
observations
various
trace
gases
across
multiple
platforms.
