Reply to RC1 DOI Creative Commons
Louis Rivoire

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Abstract. The continued monitoring of the ozone layer and its long-term evolution leans on comparative studies merged satellite records. Such records present unique challenges due to differences in sampling, coverage, retrieval algorithms between observing platforms, leading discrepancies trend calculations. Here we examine effects optimal estimation vertically resolved trends, using one record as an example. We find errors large 1 % per decade displacements profile features much 6 km altitude vertical redistribution information by averaging kernels. Furthermore, show that kernels tend increase length needed determine whether estimates are distinguishable from natural variability with good statistical confidence. conclude uncertainties may be underestimated, part because misrepresent decadal multi-decadal internal variability, removal known modes observed can yield residual errors. study provides a framework reconcile highlights need for caution when quantify trends their uncertainties.

Language: Английский

Antarctic Vortex Dehydration in 2023 as a Substantial Removal Pathway for Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Water Vapor DOI Creative Commons
Xin Zhou, Sandip Dhomse, Wuhu Feng

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(8)

Published: April 20, 2024

Abstract The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) injected a huge amount (∼150 Tg) water vapor (H 2 O) into the stratosphere, along with small SO . An off‐line 3‐D chemical transport model (CTM) successfully reproduces spread H O through October 2023 as observed by Microwave Limb Sounder. Dehydration in Antarctic polar vortex caused first substantial (∼20 removal HTHH from stratosphere. CTM indicates that this process will dominate for coming years, giving an overall e‐folding timescale 4 years; around 25 Tg is predicted to still remain stratosphere 2030. Following relatively low column ozone midwinter due effects, additional springtime depletion O‐related chemistry was and maximized at edge (10 DU column).

Language: Английский

Citations

16
The 15 January 2022 Hunga (Tonga) eruption: A gas-driven climactic explosion DOI Creative Commons
Richard W. Henley, Cornel E.J. de Ronde, Richard Arculus

et al.

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 451, P. 108077 - 108077

Published: April 21, 2024

An extraordinarily powerful, explosive eruption occurred from Hunga volcano in the Tonga island arc on 15 January 2022 and generated an column 58 km high. The also atmospheric gravity waves, extreme runup tsunamis quite unusual destructive meteotsunamis. Together these place this VEI 6 as, globally, one of largest past 300 years Based oceanic context volcano, it has previously been assumed that was phreatomagmatic through a fuel-coolant Surtseyan-type interaction, but is not supported by satellite imagery. Similarly, suggested caldera-collapse trigger, bathymetric data or seismicity recorded during eruption. Here we develop new model based observed energetics time sequence integrated with understanding internal structure active volcanoes their characteristic high flux discharges volcanic gas. It shown elsewhere magma-derived reactive gases (H2O, CO2, SO2, HCl, etc) aggressively alter rocks core leading to selfsealing gas flow surface consequent changes deviatoric stress structure. Common minerals developed reactions include anhydrite (CaSO4), sulphides silica (quartz). all which have ejecta including at Hunga. We here first order numerical quantifies how free discharge such may progressively become choked sealing increased pressure. Hydraulic fracture seal occurs when transmitted pressure compressed magmatic beneath increases value greater than lithostatic plus tensile strength sealed rock. This initiates release whose high-power develops enlarges crater. At same explosion feeds upon itself generating larger gradients pressurized within fractured porous rock mass volcano. Excavation crater intersect level intrusions produce pumice rafts were after diminished intensity as reservoir declined. excavated 850 m deep, 2-3 diameter steep-walled volume be approximate (the control eruption) trapped mined until surrounding depleted. Our shows calculated potential energy matches independent observations scale Sensor since bubble flares continued for least months indicating depletion systems-based, gas-driven climactic applies Plinean-type eruptions subaerial Pinatubo (Philippines) 1991.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Retrieval of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficients from OMPS-LP measurements DOI Creative Commons
Alexei Rozanov, Christine Pohl, Carlo Arosio

et al.

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract. A new retrieval algorithm to obtain vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient from measurements scattered solar light in limb viewing geometry made by OMPS-LP instrument is presented. The method employs normalization radiances irradiance contrast a measurement at an upper tangent height, which used most other published limb-scatter retrievals. main advantage this approach nearly complete elimination dependence results on prior profile retrieval. This makes well suitable analyze observation scenes with highly elevated plumes as occurred after Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption January 2022. were compared independent data SAGE III/ISS and OSIRIS. In general, agreement within 25 % between different products was observed although larger differences seen very strong eruptions wildfires. product investigate evolution plume eruption.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Electrospun membrane of PLA/calendula with improved UV protection and stable filtration performance DOI

Jing Ge,

Dingbo Han, Shuzhen Li

et al.

Separation and Purification Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 344, P. 127310 - 127310

Published: March 30, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Extended ozone depletion and reduced snow and ice cover—Consequences for Antarctic biota DOI Creative Commons
Sharon A. Robinson, Laura E. Revell, Roy Mackenzie

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Stratospheric ozone, which has been depleted in recent decades by the release of anthropogenic gases, is critical for shielding biosphere against ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation. Although ozone layer expected to recover before end 21st century, a hole over Antarctica continues appear each year. Ozone depletion usually peaks between September and October, when fortunately, most Antarctic terrestrial vegetation soil biota frozen, dormant protected under snow cover. Similarly, much marine life sea ice The used close onset summer, meaning that were not exposed severe springtime UV‐B fluxes. However, years, persisted into December, marks beginning austral summer. Early summertime concerning: high incident radiation coincident with snowmelt emergence will mean more exposed. start summer also peak breeding season many animals, thus extreme exposure (UV index up 14) may come at vulnerable time their cycle. Climate change, including changing wind patterns strength, particularly declining ice, are likely compound organisms, through earlier snowmelt, heatwaves droughts. field research conducted ago tended study UV impacts isolation considers multiple climate impacts, true magnitude timing current increases needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
State of polar climate in 2023 DOI Creative Commons
Minghu Ding, Xin Wang,

Lingen Bian

et al.

Advances in Climate Change Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 769 - 783

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Satellite nadir-viewing geometry affects the magnitude and detectability of long-term trends in stratospheric ozone DOI Creative Commons
Louis Rivoire,

Marianna Linz,

Jessica L. Neu

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2269 - 2289

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract. The continued monitoring of the ozone layer and its long-term evolution leans on comparative studies merged satellite records. Comparing such records presents unique challenges due to differences in sampling, coverage, retrieval algorithms between observing platforms, all which complicate detection trends. Here we examine effects broad nadir averaging kernels vertically resolved trends, using one record as an example. We find errors large 1 % per decade displacements trend profile features by much 6 km altitude vertical redistribution information kernels. Furthermore, show that tend increase (by 10 %–80 %, depending location) length needed determine whether estimates are distinguishable from natural variability with good statistical confidence. conclude uncertainties may be underestimated, part because misrepresent decadal multidecadal internal variability, removal known modes observed can yield residual errors. study provides a framework reconcile platforms highlights need for caution when instruments quantify trends their uncertainties.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Low sulfur emissions from 2022 Hunga eruption due to seawater–magma interactions DOI
Jie Wu, Shane J. Cronin, Marco Brenna

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The evolution of the Hunga hydration in a moistening stratosphere DOI Open Access
Luis Millán, Luis Millán, W. G. Read

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2024

The 2022 Hunga eruption caused unprecedented stratospheric hydration. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements show that the water vapor mass remains essentially unchanged as of early 2024 and hydration occurred atop a robust (possibly accelerating) moistening trend in stratosphere. Enhanced by excess vapor, dehydration via polar cloud (PSC) sedimentation 2023 Antarctic vortex exceeded climatological values ~50%. Simple projections, based solely on dehydration, illustrate timing return to humidity levels would have been expected absent depends ongoing trend. For strong moistening, influx entering stratosphere could offset enhanced PSC resulting new, more humid ‘equilibrium’ state. With compounding an underlying trend, remain anomalously for extended period.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
The Impact of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption on the Stratospheric Environment DOI Creative Commons

Qian Sun,

T.-N. Lu,

Dan Li

et al.

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 483 - 483

Published: April 13, 2024

In this study, an overview of two years research findings concerning the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in stratospheric environment is provided, focusing on water vapor, aerosols, and ozone. Additionally, potential impacts these changes aviation equipment materials are discussed. The HTHH released a large amount particles (e.g., ash ice) gases H2O, SO2, HCl), significantly affecting redistribution vapor aerosols. Stratospheric increased by approximately 140–150 Tg (8–10%), with concentration peak observed height range 22.2–27 km (38–17 hPa). Satellite measurements indicate that volcano injected 0.2–0.5 sulfur dioxide into stratosphere, which was partially converted sulfate In-situ observations revealed aerosols exhibit hygroscopic characteristics, particle sizes ranging from 0.22–0.42 μm under background conditions to 0.42–1.27 μm. moist aerosol surface area, inducing heterogeneous chlorine chemical reactions surface, resulting ozone depletion plume within one week. addition, atmospheric disturbances ionospheric disruptions triggered eruptions may adversely affect aircraft communication systems. Further required understand evolution impact activity materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

3