Study on the Vocal Fold Movement Characteristics of Canine Models With Nerve Paralysis Caused by Different Site Injuries

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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From valence encoding to motivated behavior: a focus on the nucleus accumbens circuitry

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106125 - 106125

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

How do our brains determine whether something is good or bad? The brain's ability to evaluate stimuli as positive negative - by attributing valence fundamental survival and decision-making. Different brain regions have been associated with encoding, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). NAc predominantly composed of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which segregate into two distinct populations based on their dopamine receptor expression: D1-receptor-expressing (D1-MSNs) D2-receptor-expressing (D2-MSNs). Classical models propose a binary functional role, where D1-MSNs exclusively mediated reward valence, while D2-MSNs processed aversion valence. However, we now recognize that MSN subpopulations operate in more complex manner than previously thought, often working cooperatively rather antagonistically valence-related behaviors. This review synthesizes current knowledge valence-encoding neurocircuitry, emphasis NAc. We examine electrophysiological, calcium imaging, optogenetic, chemogenetic pharmacological studies detailing contribution for rewarding aversive responses. Finally, explore emerging technical innovations promise advance understanding how mammalian encodes translates it behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Neuromodulatory signaling contributing to the encoding of aversion

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

The appropriate and rapid encoding of stimuli bearing a negative valence enables behaviors that are essential for survival. Recent advances in neuroscience using rodents as model system highlight the relevance cell type-specific neuronal activities diverse brain networks aversion, well their importance subsequent behavioral strategies. Within these networks, neuromodulators influence excitability, adjust fast synaptic neurotransmission, affect plasticity, ultimately modulating behaviors. In this review we first discuss contemporary findings leveraging use cutting-edge neurotechnologies to define aversion-related neural circuits. spatial temporal dynamics release neuropeptides upon exposure aversive described within defined Together, mechanistic insights update present framework through which aversion drives motivated

Язык: Английский

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The brain bases of emotion generation and emotion regulation

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Subcortical functional connectivity alterations in first-episode medication-naïve adolescents with major depressive disorder

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The modulation of cholecystokinin receptor 1 in the NAc core input from VTA on METH-induced CPP acquisition

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 361, С. 123290 - 123290

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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