Soft Materials by Design: Unconventional Polymer Networks Give Extreme Properties

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121(8), С. 4309 - 4372

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2021

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical properties including being extremely tough, strong, resilient, adhesive, fatigue-resistant. These also critical for hydrogels' diverse applications ranging from drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical implants, wound dressings, contact lenses to sensors, actuators, electronic devices, optical batteries, water harvesters, soft robots. Whereas numerous have been developed over the last few decades, a set of general principles that can rationally guide design using different materials fabrication methods various remain central need field materials. This review is aimed at synergistically reporting: (i) achieve physical properties, (ii) implementation strategies unconventional networks, (iii) future directions orthogonal multiple combined mechanical, physical, chemical, properties. Because these based on generic they applicable other elastomers organogels. Overall, will not only provide comprehensive systematic guidelines rational materials, but provoke interdisciplinary discussions fundamental question: why does nature select constitute major parts bodies?

Язык: Английский

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Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulation

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 32(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2019

Abstract Shape‐programmable soft materials that exhibit integrated multifunctional shape manipulations, including reprogrammable, untethered, fast, and reversible transformation locking, are highly desirable for a plethora of applications, robotics, morphing structures, biomedical devices. Despite recent progress, it remains challenging to achieve multiple manipulations in one material system. Here, novel magnetic memory polymer composite is reported this. The consists two types particles an amorphous matrix. matrix softens via inductive heating low‐coercivity particles, high‐remanence with reprogrammable magnetization profiles drive the rapid change under actuation fields. Once cooled, actuated can be locked. Additionally, varying particle loadings enables sequential actuation. further exploited applications grippers large grabbing force, reconfigurable antennas, logic computing.

Язык: Английский

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Magnetic Soft Materials and Robots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 122(5), С. 5317 - 5364

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional materials have facilitated emergence a new class capable tether-free actuation response to external stimuli such heat, light, solvent, or electric magnetic field. Among various types stimuli-responsive materials, shown remarkable progress their design and fabrication, leading development with unique advantages potential for many important applications. However, field is still its infancy requires further advancements terms principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, sensing modalities. Successful future would require comprehensive understanding fundamental principle actuation, well physical properties behavior this review, we discuss recent modeling simulation, robots. We then give set guidelines optimal performance Lastly, summarize biomedical applications provide our perspectives on next-generation

Язык: Английский

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Nanomagnetic encoding of shape-morphing micromachines

Nature, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 575(7781), С. 164 - 168

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(10)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2020

Soft robotics technologies are paving the way toward robotic abilities which vital for a wide range of applications, including manufacturing, manipulation, gripping, human–machine interaction, locomotion, and more. An essential component in soft robot is actuator provides system with deformable body allows it to interact environment achieve desired actuation pattern, such as locomotion. This Review article aims provide researchers interested field reference guide about various state‐of‐the‐art methodologies that developed stimuli light, heat, applied electric magnetic fields focus on their applications robotics. The underlying principles actuators discussed resulting motion complexities, deformations, multi‐functionalities. Finally, promising examples different addition further development potential.

Язык: Английский

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Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Язык: Английский

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Projection micro stereolithography based 3D printing and its applications

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(2), С. 022004 - 022004

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2020

Abstract Projection micro stereolithography (P μ SL) is a high-resolution (up to 0.6 m) 3D printing technology based on area projection triggered photopolymerization, and capable of fabricating complex architectures covering multiple scales with materials. This paper reviews the recent development P SL technologies, together related applications. It introduces working principle, commercialized products, multiscale, multimaterial capability as well some functional photopolymers that are suitable SL. review also summarizes few typical applications including mechanical metamaterials, optical components, 4D printing, bioinspired materials biomedical applications, offers perspectives directions further technology.

Язык: Английский

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Materials, Actuators, and Sensors for Soft Bioinspired Robots

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(19)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2020

Abstract Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union these fields has brought about bioinspired robotics, hundreds publications on novel research each year. review aims to survey fundamental advances in actuators and sensors focus progress between 2017 2020, providing primer materials used their design.

Язык: Английский

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Reprogrammable shape morphing of magnetic soft machines

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(38)

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2020

Shape-morphing magnetic soft machines are highly desirable for diverse applications in minimally invasive medicine, wearable devices, and robotics. Despite recent progress, current programming approaches inherently coupled to sequential fabrication processes, preventing reprogrammability high-throughput programming. Here, we report a strategy based on heating materials above the Curie temperature of embedded ferromagnetic particles reorienting their domains by applying fields during cooling. We demonstrate discrete, three-dimensional, reprogrammable magnetization with high spatial resolution (~38 μm). Using capability, reconfigurable mechanical behavior an auxetic metamaterial structure, tunable locomotion surface-walking robot, adaptive grasping gripper shown. Our approach further enables (up 10 samples/min) via contact transfer. Heat-assisted described here establishes rich design space mass-manufacturing capability development multiscale machines.

Язык: Английский

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Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(5), С. 5365 - 5403

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Язык: Английский

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