Magnetically steerable bacterial microrobots moving in 3D biological matrices for stimuli-responsive cargo delivery

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(28)

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

Bacterial biohybrids, composed of self-propelling bacteria carrying micro/nanoscale materials, can deliver their payload to specific regions under magnetic control, enabling additional frontiers in minimally invasive medicine. However, current bacterial biohybrid designs lack high-throughput and facile construction with favorable cargoes, thus underperforming terms propulsion, efficiency, tissue penetration, spatiotemporal operation. Here, we report magnetically controlled biohybrids for targeted localization multistimuli-responsive drug release three-dimensional (3D) biological matrices. Magnetic nanoparticles nanoliposomes loaded photothermal agents chemotherapeutic molecules were integrated onto Escherichia coli ~90% efficiency. outperforming previously reported E. –based microrobots, retained original motility able navigate through matrices colonize tumor spheroids fields on-demand the by near-infrared stimulus. Our work provides a multifunctional microrobotic platform guided locomotion 3D networks stimuli-responsive delivery therapeutics diverse medical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Ultrasmall Enzyme-Powered Janus Nanomotor Working in Blood Circulation System

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(6), С. 6023 - 6035

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Injectable chemically powered nanomotors may revolutionize biomedical technologies, but to date, it is a challenge for them move autonomously in the blood circulation system and they are too large size break through biological barriers therein. Herein, we report general scalable colloidal chemistry synthesis approach fabrication of ultrasmall urease-powered Janus (UPJNMs) that have (100–30 nm) meeting requirement can efficiently body fluids with only endogenous urea as fuel. In our protocol, two hemispheroid surfaces eccentric Au−polystyrene nanoparticles stepwise grafted poly(ethylene glycol) brushes ureases via selective etching chemical coupling, respectively, forming UPJNMs. The UPJNMs lasting powerful mobility ionic tolerance positive chemotaxis, while able be dispersed steadily self-propelled real fluids, well demonstrate good biosafety long time mice. Thus, as-prepared promising an active theranostics nanosystem future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Stimuli‐responsive silk fibroin for on‐demand drug delivery

Smart Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Stimuli-responsive "smart" hydrogel biomaterials have attracted great attention in the biomedical field, especially designing novel on-demand drug delivery systems. As a handful natural biomaterial approved by US Food and Drug Administration, silk fibroin (SF) has unique high temperature resistance as well tunable structural composition. These properties make it one of most ideal candidates for delivery. Meanwhile, recent advances polymer modification nanomaterials fostered development various stimuli-responsive Here, we first review advance responsive SF-based systems different stimulus sources. are able to release mediators desired manner response specific stimuli active or passive manners. We then describe applications these specially designed wound healing, tumor therapy, immunomodulation. also discuss future challenges prospects

Язык: Английский

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Stimuli-Responsive Functional Micro-/Nanorobots: A Review

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(16), С. 15254 - 15276

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient, and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light, ultrasound, pH, ion, magnetic field) perform designated tasks. Through adaptive transformation into the corresponding forms, they perfectly match demands depending on different applications, which manifest extremely important roles in targeted therapy, biological detection, tissue engineering, other fields. Promising srFM/Ns be, few reviews have focused them. It is therefore necessary provide an overview current development these intelligent clear inspiration for further this field. Hence, review summarizes advances stimuli-responsive regarding their response mechanism, achieved functions, applications highlight pros cons stimuli. Finally, we emphasize existing challenges propose possible strategies help accelerate study field promote toward actual applications.

Язык: Английский

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An acoustically controlled helical microrobot

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(38)

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023

As a next-generation toolkit, microrobots can transform wide range of fields, including micromanufacturing, electronics, microfluidics, tissue engineering, and medicine. While still in their infancy, acoustically actuated are becoming increasingly attractive. However, the interaction acoustics with microstructure geometry is poorly understood, its study necessary for developing powered microrobots. We present an driven helical microrobot length 350 μm diameter 100 that capable locomotion using fin-like double-helix microstructure. This responds to sound stimuli at ~12 19 kHz mimics spiral motion natural microswimmers such as spirochetes. The asymmetric double helix interacts incident acoustic field, inducing propulsion torque causes rotate around long axis. Moreover, our has unique feature directionality being switchable by simply tuning frequency. demonstrate this 2D 3D artificial vasculatures single source.

Язык: Английский

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Untethered soft actuators for soft standalone robotics

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Abstract Soft actuators produce the mechanical force needed for functional movements of soft robots, but they suffer from critical drawbacks since previously reported often rely on electrical wires or pneumatic tubes power supply, which would limit potential usage robots in various practical applications. In this article, we review new types untethered that represent breakthroughs and discuss future perspective actuators. We materials innovative strategies gave rise to deliver our challenges opportunities future-generation

Язык: Английский

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A panoramic perspective of recent progress in 2D and 3D covalent organic frameworks for drug delivery

Aggregate, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Abstract The development of efficient drug delivery systems is essential for improving the efficacy and safety cancer drugs, particularly aggressive difficult‐to‐treat cancers. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as innovative porous nanomaterials in (DDS), due to their unique properties, including metal‐free skeleton, predetermined structures pore geometries, high porosity, large surface area, facile modification potential, good biocompatibility. These characteristics make COFs excellent candidates by enhancing loading capacity enabling precise encapsulation. This review emphasizes importance donor‐acceptor‐based COFs, which provide channels charge transportation, we also explore how π‐conjugated skeleton enhances its long‐acting fluorescent properties facilitates uptake via cell endocytosis. While this primarily focuses on recent advancements COF‐based targeted DDS, it acknowledges challenges posed diverse geometries materials discusses potential solutions. Further, underlines developing future carriers that can successfully specifically target cells, treatment efficiency while reducing adverse side effects.

Язык: Английский

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Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(18), С. 9190 - 9253

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Язык: Английский

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Medical micro- and nanomotors in the body

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(2), С. 517 - 541

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2022

Attributed to the miniaturized body size and active mobility, micro- nanomotors (MNMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential for medical applications. However, from bench bedside, massive efforts are needed address critical issues, such as cost-effective fabrication, on-demand integration of multiple functions, biocompatibility, biodegradability, controlled propulsion in vivo navigation. Herein, we summarize advances biomedical MNMs reported past two decades, with particular emphasis on design, propulsion, navigation, abilities biological barriers penetration, biosensing, diagnosis, minimally invasive surgery targeted cargo delivery. Future perspectives challenges discussed well. This review can lay foundation future direction MNMs, pushing one step forward road achieving practical theranostics using MNMs.

Язык: Английский

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Multifunctional 3D‐Printed Pollen Grain‐Inspired Hydrogel Microrobots for On‐Demand Anchoring and Cargo Delivery

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(10)

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2022

While a majority of wireless microrobots have shown multi-responsiveness to implement complex biomedical functions, their functional executions are strongly dependent on the range stimulus inputs, which curtails diversity. Furthermore, responsive functions coupled each other, results in overlap task operations. Here, 3D-printed multifunctional microrobot inspired by pollen grains with three hydrogel components is demonstrated: iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticle-embedded pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), poly N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM), and acrylic acid (pNIPAM-AAc) structures. Each these structures exhibits respective targeted functions: responding magnetic fields for torque-driven surface rolling steering, exhibiting temperature responsiveness on-demand attachment (anchoring), pH-responsive cargo release. The versatile grain-inspired robots conceptualized here pave way various future medical improve projected performance

Язык: Английский

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