The
airway
epithelium
(AE)
fulfils
multiple
functions
to
maintain
pulmonary
homeostasis,
among
which
ensuring
adequate
barrier
function,
cell
differentiation
and
polarization,
actively
transporting
immunoglobulin
A
(IgA),
the
predominant
mucosal
in
lumen,
via
polymeric
receptor
(pIgR).
Morphological
changes
of
airways
have
been
reported
ARDS,
while
their
detailed
features,
impact
for
immunity,
causative
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Therefore,
this
study
aimed
assess
epithelial
alterations
distal
patients
with
ARDS.
European Respiratory Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
63(6), С. 2400518 - 2400518
Опубликована: Май 23, 2024
Formerly
regarded
as
a
rare
disease,
bronchiectasis
is
increasingly
recognised.
A
renewed
interest
in
this
disease
has
led
to
significant
progress
research.
Randomised
clinical
trials
(RCTs)
have
demonstrated
the
benefits
of
airway
clearance
techniques,
inhaled
antibiotics
and
long-term
macrolide
therapy
patients.
However,
heterogeneity
remains
one
most
challenging
aspects
management.
Phenotypes
endotypes
been
identified
help
find
“treatable
traits”
partially
overcome
complexity.
The
goals
for
are
reduce
symptom
burden,
improve
quality
life,
exacerbations
prevent
progression.
We
review
pharmacological
non-pharmacological
treatments
that
can
mucociliary
clearance,
inflammation
tackle
infection,
key
pathophysiological
features
bronchiectasis.
There
also
promising
development
management
bronchiectasis,
including
novel
anti-inflammatory
therapies.
This
provides
critical
update
on
focusing
treatable
traits
recent
RCTs.
Science Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(780)
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Idiopathic
pulmonary
fibrosis
(IPF)
is
a
progressive
interstitial
lung
disease
in
which
repetitive
epithelial
injury
and
incomplete
alveolar
repair
result
accumulation
of
profibrotic
intermediate/transitional
“aberrant”
cell
states.
The
mechanisms
leading
to
the
emergence
persistence
aberrant
populations
distal
remain
incompletely
understood.
By
interrogating
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
data
from
patients
with
IPF
mouse
model
repeated
injury,
we
identified
persistent
activation
hypoxia-inducible
factor
(HIF)
signaling
these
cells.
Using
genetic
lineage-tracing
strategies
together
scRNA-seq,
found
that
disease-emergent
cells
predominantly
arose
airway-derived
(
Scgb1a1-CreER
–traced)
progenitors
exhibited
transcriptional
programs
Hif2a
activation.
In
mice
treated
intratracheal
bleomycin,
deletion
Epas1
(Hif2a)
but
not
Hif1a
,
progenitors,
or
administration
small-molecule
HIF2
inhibitor
PT-2385,
using
both
prevention
rescue
approaches,
attenuated
experimental
fibrosis,
reduced
appearance
cells,
promoted
repair.
organoids,
pharmacologic
inhibition
Hif2
differentiation
progenitors.
addition,
treatment
human
organoids
PT-2385
increased
colony-forming
efficiency,
enhanced
protein
markers
type
2
maturation,
prevented
Together,
studies
showed
drives
after
targeted
may
represent
an
effective
therapeutic
strategy
promote
functional
other
diseases.
Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
135(6)
Опубликована: Март 16, 2025
BACKGROUND.
Mucus
plugs
form
in
acute
asthma
and
persist
chronic
disease.
Although
eosinophils
are
implicated
mechanisms
of
mucus
pathology,
many
mechanistic
details
about
plug
formation
persistence
unknown.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
209(4), С. 374 - 389
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023
Rationale:
Non–cystic
fibrosis
bronchiectasis
(NCFB)
may
originate
in
bronchiolar
regions
of
the
lung.
Accordingly,
there
is
a
need
to
characterize
morphology
and
molecular
characteristics
NCFB
bronchioles.
Objectives:
Test
hypothesis
that
exhibits
major
component
disease
manifest
by
mucus
plugging
ectasia.
Methods:
Morphologic
criteria
region-specific
epithelial
gene
expression,
measured
histologically
RNA
situ
hybridization
immunohistochemistry,
identified
proximal
distal
bronchioles
excised
lungs.
immunohistochemistry
assessed
accumulation
mucin
expression.
CRISPR-Cas9–mediated
IL-1R1
knockout
human
bronchial
cultures
tested
IL-1α
IL-1β
contributions
production.
Spatial
transcriptional
profiling
characterized
Measurements
Main
Results:
Bronchiolar
perimeters
lumen
areas
per
section
area
were
increased
proximal,
but
not
distal,
versus
control
lungs,
suggesting
bronchiolectasis.
In
NCFB,
was
observed
ectatic
associated
nonectatic
sections
with
disease.
MUC5AC
MUC5B
mucins
upregulated
bronchioles,
whereas
selectively
plugs
populated
IL-1β–expressing
macrophages.
sterile
sputum
supernatants
induced
expression
>80%
blocked
ablation.
upregulation
genes
secretory
cells,
hypoxia,
interleukin
pathways,
IL-1β–producing
macrophages
downregulation
ciliogenesis
genes.
Conclusions:
distinctive
Both
exhibit
cell
features
differ
regulation
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
210(1), С. 87 - 96
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
Chest
computed
tomography
(CT)
scans
are
essential
to
diagnose
and
monitor
bronchiectasis
(BE).
To
date,
few
quantitative
data
available
about
the
nature
extent
of
structural
lung
abnormalities
(SLAs)
on
CT
patients
with
BE.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024
Abstract
The
use
of
nanomaterials
in
gene
editing
and
synthetic
biology
has
emerged
as
a
pivotal
strategy
the
pursuit
refined
treatment
methodologies
for
pulmonary
disorders.
This
review
discusses
utilization
nanomaterial-assisted
tools
techniques
to
promote
development
more
precise
efficient
treatments
diseases.
First,
we
briefly
outline
characterization
respiratory
system
succinctly
describe
principal
applications
diverse
lung
ailment
treatment.
Second,
elaborate
on
gene-editing
tools,
their
configurations,
assorted
delivery
methods,
while
delving
into
present
state
nanomaterial-facilitated
interventions
spectrum
Subsequently,
expound
its
deployment
biomedicine,
focusing
research
advances
diagnosis
conditions
against
backdrop
coronavirus
disease
2019
pandemic.
Finally,
summarize
extant
lacunae
current
delineate
prospects
advancement
this
domain.
holistic
approach
augments
pioneering
solutions
treatment,
thereby
endowing
patients
with
efficacious
personalized
therapeutic
alternatives.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Journal of the COPD Foundation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(5), С. 444 - 459
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
biological
mechanisms
leading
some
tobacco-exposed
individuals
to
develop
early-stage
chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease
(COPD)
are
poorly
understood.
This
knowledge
gap
hampers
development
of
disease-modifying
agents
for
this
prevalent
condition.
