Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2021

Abstract Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on surface pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged senescent cells. PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity immunity. Through binding ligands, produce anti-infection, antitumor, other immunoprotective effects. Most in innate immune system vertebrates be classified into following five types based protein domain homology: Toll-like (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization (NOD)-like (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like (RLRs), C-type lectin (CLRs), absent melanoma-2 (AIM2)-like (ALRs). basically composed ligand domains, intermediate effector domains. bind their respective ligands recruit adaptor molecules with same structure through initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert In recent years, increased researches have greatly promoted understanding different provided ideas for treatment immune-related diseases even tumors. This review describes detail history, structural characteristics, mechanism, pathway, related disease, new drugs clinical trials therapy PRRs, discusses significance research pattern mechanism PRR-related diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Aspergillus fumigatus and Related Species

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 5(2), С. a019786 - a019786

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2014

Janyce A. Sugui1, Kyung J. Kwon-Chung1, Praveen R. Juvvadi2, Jean-Paul Latgé3 and William Steinbach2,4 1Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute Allergy Institutes Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2Department Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27715 3Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France 4Department Molecular Genetics Microbiology, 27710 Correspondence: bill.steinbach{at}duke.edu

Язык: Английский

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Drug-Resistant Fungi: An Emerging Challenge Threatening Our Limited Antifungal Armamentarium

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(12), С. 877 - 877

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2020

The high clinical mortality and economic burden posed by invasive fungal infections (IFIs), along with significant agricultural crop loss caused various species, has resulted in the widespread use of antifungal agents. Selective drug pressure, attributes, host- drug-related factors have counteracted efficacy limited systemic drugs changed epidemiological landscape IFIs. Species belonging to Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis are among pathogens showing notable rates resistance. Drug-resistant fungi from environment increasingly identified settings. Furthermore, we a understanding class-specific resistance mechanisms emerging Candida species. establishment stewardship programs both fields inclusion species identification, susceptibility testing, therapeutic monitoring practices clinic can minimize emergence drug-resistant fungi. New featuring promising profiles great promise treat setting. Mitigating tolerance, prelude resistance, also requires development effective fungal-specific adjuvants be used combination antifungals.

Язык: Английский

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Immune responses to human fungal pathogens and therapeutic prospects

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(7), С. 433 - 452

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Aspergillus fumigatusand aspergillosis: From basics to clinics

Studies in Mycology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 100(1), С. 100115 - 100115

Опубликована: Май 10, 2021

The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and notable mortality in humans, especially immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed treat aspergillosis. global emergence of azole-resistant A. isolates clinic environment, however, notoriously limits therapeutic options mould-active antifungals potentially can be attributed rate reaching up 100 %. Although specific mutations CYP51A main cause azole resistance, there is new wave with wild-type genotype challenging efficacy current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications whole-genome sequencing increasingly gaining popularity overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well liver kidney toxicity posed amphotericin B, necessitate continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs combat emerging isolates. Animal models tools used genetic engineering require further refinement facilitate better understanding about resistance mechanisms, virulence, immune reactions orchestrated against fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses clinical challenges caused provides insights on how address them.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of the human pathogenic lifestyle in fungi

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(5), С. 607 - 619

Опубликована: Май 4, 2022

Fungal pathogens cause more than a billion human infections every year, resulting in 1.6 million deaths annually. Understanding the natural history and evolutionary ecology of fungi is helping us understand how disease-relevant traits have repeatedly evolved. Different types mechanisms genetic variation contributed to evolution fungal pathogenicity specific differences distinguish from non-pathogens. Insights into traits, elements, ecological that contribute are crucial for developing strategies both predict emergence develop drugs combat them.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Plant Agriculture: A One Health Perspective

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 289 - 289

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2022

Bactericides, fungicides, and other pesticides play an important role in the management of plant diseases. However, their use can result residues on plants environment, with potentially detrimental consequences. The streptomycin, oxytetracycline, copper-based products, some fungicides is correlated increased resistance among pathogens to these agents. Likewise, recent rise incidence environmental triazole fungicide-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, cause aspergillosis humans, has caused concern, particularly Europe. Through horizontal gene transfer, genes be exchanged a variety bacteria production including phytopathogens, soil bacteria, zoonotic that are occasionally present environment food chain. mechanisms co-resistance, cross-resistance, up-regulation, one compound may confer multi-drug similar, or even very dissimilar, compounds. Given global antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) organisms, effects plant, animal, human health, prudent required maintain effectiveness for security sustainable production, minimize emergence transmission AMR organisms from horticultural sources.

Язык: Английский

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Risk factors associated with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients: a French multicentric retrospective cohort

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(5), С. 790.e1 - 790.e5

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2020

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(3), С. 327 - 346

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The rapid emergence of antifungal-resistant human-pathogenic fungi

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(12), С. 818 - 832

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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