Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(10), С. 1310 - 1310

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2021

Antibiotics have made it possible to treat bacterial infections such as meningitis and bacteraemia that, prior their introduction, were untreatable consequently fatal. Unfortunately, in recent decades overuse misuse of antibiotics well social economic factors accelerated the spread antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making drug treatment ineffective. Currently, at least 700,000 people worldwide die each year due antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Without new better treatments, World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that this number could rise 10 million by 2050, highlighting a health concern not secondary importance. In February 2017, light increasing antibiotic resistance, WHO published list pathogens includes designated acronym ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) which given highest "priority status" since they represent great threat humans. Understanding mechanisms these bacteria is key step development drugs tackle drug-resistant bacteria. review, both mode action commonly used antimicrobials will be examined. It also discusses current state AMR most critical resistant determined WHO's global priority list.

Язык: Английский

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A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(19), С. 7047 - 7047

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2020

Antimicrobial resistance is a multifaceted crisis, imposing serious threat to global health. The traditional antibiotic pipeline has been exhausted, prompting research into alternate antimicrobial strategies. Inspired by nature, peptides are rapidly gaining attention for their clinical potential as they present distinct advantages over antibiotics. found in all forms of life and demonstrate pivotal role the innate immune system. Many evolutionarily conserved, with limited propensity resistance. Additionally, chemical modifications peptide backbone can be used improve biological activity stability reduce toxicity. This review details therapeutic peptide-based antimicrobials, well challenges needed overcome order translation. We explore proposed mechanisms activity, design synthetic biomimics, how this novel class compound may address need effective Finally, we discuss commercially available antimicrobials trials.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of antimicrobial peptides from the human gut microbiome using deep learning

Nature Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 40(6), С. 921 - 931

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens in the environment: Antibiotic resistance status, community-acquired infection and risk to human health

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 244, С. 114006 - 114006

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

The ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens are characterised by increased levels of resistance towards multiple classes first line last-resort antibiotics. Although these frequently isolated from clinical environments implicated in a variety life-threatening, hospital-associated infections; antibiotic resistant strains have been environmental reservoirs such as surface water, wastewater, food, soil. Literature on the persistence subsequent health risks posed isolates extra-hospital settings is however, limited current review aims to elucidate primary environment, their profiles, link community-acquired infections. Additionally, information state research regarding health-risk assessments linked exposure natural outlined.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(21), С. 11691 - 11691

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2021

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are distributed across all kingdoms of life and an indispensable component host defenses. They consist predominantly short cationic with a wide variety structures targets. Given the ever-emerging resistance various pathogens to existing antimicrobial therapies, AMPs have recently attracted extensive interest as potential therapeutic agents. As discovery new has increased, many databases specializing in been developed collect both fundamental pharmacological information. In this review, we summarize sources, structures, modes action, classifications AMPs. Additionally, examine current AMP databases, compare valuable computational tools used predict activity mechanisms highlight machine learning approaches that can be employed improve combat global resistance.

Язык: Английский

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ESKAPE pathogens: antimicrobial resistance, epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutics

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(10), С. 598 - 616

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(15), С. 8088 - 8088

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2022

This paper discusses the mechanisms of S. aureus drug resistance including: (1) introduction. (2) to beta-lactam antibiotics, with particular emphasis on mec genes found in Staphylococcaceae family, structure and occurrence SCCmec cassettes, as well differences presence some virulence its expression major epidemiological types clones HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA, LA-MRSA strains. Other antibiotics will also be discussed, such mutations gdpP gene, BORSA or MODSA phenotypes, ceftobiprole ceftaroline. (3) Resistance glycopeptides (VRSA, VISA, hVISA strains, vancomycin tolerance). (4) oxazolidinones (mutational enzymatic linezolid). (5) MLS-B (macrolides, lincosamides, ketolides, streptogramin B). (6) Aminoglycosides spectinomicin, including genes, their regulation localization (plasmids, transposons, class I integrons, SCCmec), spectrum enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides. (7). Fluoroquinolones (8) Tetracyclines, active protection target site efflux from bacterial cell. (9) Mupirocin. (10) Fusidic acid. (11) Daptomycin. (12) other chemioterapeutics (e.g., streptogramins A, quinupristin/dalfopristin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim) (13) Molecular epidemiology MRSA.

Язык: Английский

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Combination of pre-adapted bacteriophage therapy and antibiotics for treatment of fracture-related infection due to pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2022

Abstract A 30-year-old bombing victim with a fracture-related pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after long-term (>700 days) antibiotic therapy is treated pre-adapted bacteriophage along meropenem and colistin, followed by ceftazidime/avibactam. This salvage results in objective clinical, microbiological radiological improvement of the patient’s wounds overall condition. In support, combination highly effective against K. strain vitro, 7-day mature biofilms suspensions.

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Bacteremia

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 34(2)

Опубликована: Март 16, 2021

Gram-negative bacteremia is a devastating public health threat, with high mortality in vulnerable populations and significant costs to the global economy. Concerningly, rates of both antimicrobial resistance causative species are increasing. develops three phases. First, bacteria invade or colonize initial sites infection. Second, overcome host barriers, such as immune responses, disseminate from body bloodstream. Third, adapt survive blood blood-filtering organs. To develop new therapies, it critical define species-specific multispecies fitness factors required for model systems that relevant human A small subset responsible majority cases, including

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenesis of pneumonia and acute lung injury

Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 136(10), С. 747 - 769

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Abstract Pneumonia and its sequelae, acute lung injury, present unique challenges for pulmonary critical care healthcare professionals, these have recently garnered global attention due to the ongoing Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. One limitation translational investigation of including most severe manifestation (acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS) has been heterogeneity resulting from clinical physiologic diagnosis that represents a wide variety etiologies. Recent efforts improved our understanding approach by defining sub-phenotypes ARDS although significant gaps in knowledge remain. Improving mechanistic injury common cause, infectious pneumonia, can advance precision targeted interventions. Here, we review pathogenesis pneumonia how infections disrupt homoeostasis, provide an overview microbial pathogenesis, microbiome, interventions demonstrated improve outcomes—or not—in human trials.

Язык: Английский

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