Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5753 - 5753

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions host. They support elimination viral infections. participate regulation brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, activity, they can affect functioning insect nervous system. Expansion AMP repertoire loss their specificity is connected aging process lifespan insects. Moreover, take part maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating number endosymbionts as well reducing foreign microbiota. turn, presence venom prevents spread infection social insects, where prey may be source pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1901)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Millions of years co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped diversified the nature relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers complexity in host–microbe interactions, fate which depends on a variety different factors, ranging from neutral processes environmental factors local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics mathematical modelling disentangle individual contribution ecological microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host are known be among dominant drivers composition animal species. However, extent they shape assembly evolution remains unclear. In review, we summarize our understanding how drive these dynamics conserved vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research highlight need implementation modifications existing theory fully capture host-associated microbiomes. This article part theme issue ‘Sculpting microbiome: determine respond colonization’.

Язык: Английский

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The Intestinal Immune Defense System in Insects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(23), С. 15132 - 15132

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Over a long period of evolution, insects have developed unique intestinal defenses against invasion by foreign microorganisms, including physical and immune responses. The the insect gut consist mainly peritrophic matrix (PM) mucus layer, which are first barriers to pathogens. Gut microbes also prevent colonization Importantly, immune-deficiency (Imd) pathways produce antimicrobial peptides eliminate pathogens; mechanisms related reactive oxygen species another important pathway for immunity. janus kinase/STAT signaling is involved in immunity producing bactericidal substances regulating tissue repair. Melanization can many active into intestine; meanwhile, there multiple responses intestine fight viral parasitic infections. Furthermore, stem cells (ISCs) indispensable Only coordinated combination defense system renewal effectively defend pathogenic microorganisms.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila, but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate immune effectors first studied for their role in host defence. Recent studies have implicated these the clearance of aberrant cells and neurodegenerative syndromes. In Drosophila, many AMPs produced downstream Toll Imd NF-κB pathways upon infection. Upon aging, upregulated, drawing attention to molecules as possible causes age-associated inflammatory diseases. However, functional overexpressing or silencing genes been inconclusive. Using an isogenic set AMP gene deletions, we investigated net impact on aging. Overall, found no major effect individual lifespan, with exception Defensin. ΔAMP14 flies lacking seven families displayed reduced lifespan. Increased bacterial load food aged suggested that lifespan reduction was due microbiome dysbiosis, consistent a previous study. Moreover, germ-free conditions extended flies. our results did not point overt Instead, collectively by preventing dysbiosis during

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between glucagon-like peptide 1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Gut microbiota exert influence on gastrointestinal mucosal permeability, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty synthesis, dietary fiber fermentation, and farnesoid X receptor/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signal transduction. The incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is mainly produced by L cells in the gut regulates postprandial blood glucose. Changes composition function have been observed obesity type 2 diabetes (T2D). Meanwhile, rhythm of GLP-1 also affected subjects with or T2D. Therefore, it necessary to discuss link between microbiome GLP-1. In this review, we describe interaction metabolic diseases. On one hand, metabolites stimulate secretion, affect rhythm. other mechanism action involves inflammatory response. Additionally, effects various interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, antidiabetic drugs, bariatric surgery, crosstalk Finally, stress that can be used a target for diseases, clinical application agonists should individualized.

Язык: Английский

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Reactive oxygen species are regulated by immune deficiency and Toll pathways in determining the host specificity of honeybee gut bacteria

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(33)

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2023

Host specificity is observed in gut symbionts of diverse animal lineages. But how hosts maintain while rejecting their close relatives remains elusive. We use eusocial bees and codiversified bacteria to understand host regulation driving symbiotic specificity. The cross-inoculation bumblebee Gilliamella induced higher prostaglandin the honeybee gut, promoting a pronounced response through immune deficiency (IMD) Toll pathways. Gene silencing vitamin C treatments indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS), not antimicrobial peptides, acts as effector inhibiting non-native strain. Quantitative PCR RNAi further reveal regulatory function IMD pathways, which Relish dorsal-1 may regulate Dual Oxidase ( Duox ) for ROS production. Therefore, maintains by creating hostile environment exotic bacteria, differential its system, reflecting co-opting existing machinery evolved combat pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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The role of Drosophila microbiota in gut homeostasis and immunity

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

The gut epithelia of virtually all animals harbor complex microbial communities that play an important role in maintaining immune and cellular homeostasis. Gut microbiota have evolutionarily adapted to the host environment, serving as key regulators intestinal stem cells promote a healthy barrier modulate epithelial self-renewal. Disruption these populations has been associated with inflammatory disorders or cancerous lesions intestine. However, molecular mechanisms controlling gut-microbe interactions are only partially understood due high diversity biologically dynamic nature microorganisms. This article reviews current knowledge on Drosophila its signaling pathways crucial for induction distinct homeostatic responses. Thanks genetic tractability cultivable simple microbiota, this association model offers new efficient tools investigating crosstalk between while providing framework better understanding ecological evolutionary roles microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Resistance to host antimicrobial peptides mediates resilience of gut commensals during infection and aging in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(36)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2023

Resilience to short-term perturbations, like inflammation, is a fundamental feature of microbiota, yet the underlying mechanisms microbiota resilience are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , major Drosophila commensal, stably colonizes fruit fly gut during infection and resistant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). By transposon screening, identified L. mutants sensitive AMPs. These were impaired in peptidoglycan O-acetylation or teichoic acid D-alanylation, resulting increased negative cell surface charge higher affinity cationic AMP-sensitive cleared from after aging-induced inflammation wild-type, but not AMP-deficient flies, suggesting resistance host AMPs essential for commensal an inflamed environment. Thus, our work reveals addition immune tolerance commensal-encoded necessary maintain stable association between inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Insect Antimicrobial Peptides as Guardians of Immunity and Beyond: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(7), С. 3835 - 3835

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as immune effectors synthesized by a variety of organisms, not only constitute robust defense mechanism against broad spectrum pathogens in the host but also show promising applications effective antimicrobial agents. Notably, insects are significant reservoirs natural AMPs. However, complex array variations types, quantities, activities, and production pathways AMPs, well evolution AMPs across insect species, presents challenge for immunity system understanding AMP applications. This review covers discoveries, classification, common properties, mechanisms action. Additionally, activities immune-related each model summarized. We conducted first comprehensive investigation into diversity, distribution, 20 types insects, employing phylogenetic analysis to describe their evolutionary relationships shed light on conserved distinctive families. Furthermore, we summarize regulatory through classical signaling additional associated with Nitric Oxide, insulin-like signaling, hormones. advances our guardians systems unlocks gateway resources, facilitating use address food safety concerns.

Язык: Английский

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The role of insect gut microbiota in host fitness, detoxification and nutrient supplementation

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 117(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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