Nanovaccines: A game changing approach in the fight against infectious diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 167, С. 115597 - 115597

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2023

The field of nanotechnology has revolutionised global attempts to prevent, treat, and eradicate infectious diseases in the foreseen future. Nanovaccines have proven be a valuable pawn this novel technology. are made up nanoparticles that associated with or prepared components can stimulate host's immune system. In addition their delivery capabilities, nanocarriers been demonstrated possess intrinsic adjuvant properties, working as cell stimulators. Thus, nanovaccines potential promote rapid well long-lasting humoral cellular immunity. several possible benefits, including site-specific antigen delivery, increased bioavailability, diminished adverse effect profile. To avail these nanoparticle-based vaccines being developed, virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, lipid emulsion vaccines, exomes, inorganic nanoparticles. Inspired by distinctive researchers on development for variety applications, such cancer immunotherapy diseases. Although few challenges still need overcome, modulation nanoparticle pharmacokinetics avoid elimination from bloodstream reticuloendothelial system, future prospects technology also assuring, multiple options personalised needle-free formulations, combination promising candidates.

Язык: Английский

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What makes SARS‐CoV‐2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein

Cell Biology International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(4), С. 404 - 430

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously threatens public health and safety. Genetic variants determine the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility, virulence, immune escape. Vaccination is encouraged as a intervention, different types vaccines used worldwide. However, new continue to emerge, especially Omicron complex, neutralizing antibody responses diminished significantly. In this review, we outlined uniqueness from three perspectives. First, described detailed structure spike (S) protein, highly susceptible mutations contributes distinct infection cycle virus. Second, systematically summarized immunoglobulin G epitopes highlighted central role nonconserved regions S protein in adaptive Third, provided an overview targeting discussed impact on vaccine effectiveness. The characterization identification genomic organization will help elucidate its mechanisms viral mutation provide basis for selection optimal treatments. leaps advancements regarding improved diagnosis, targeted therapeutic remedies sound evidence showing that scientific understanding, research, technology evolved at pace pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Incidence and management of the main serious adverse events reported after COVID‐19 vaccination

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2n first appeared in Wuhan, China 2019. Soon after, it was declared a pandemic World Health Organization. The health crisis imposed new virus and its rapid spread worldwide prompted fast development of vaccines. For time human history, two vaccines based on recombinant genetic material technology were approved for use. These mRNA applied massive immunization programs around world, followed other more traditional approaches. Even though all tested clinical trials prior to their general administration, serious adverse events, usually very low incidence, mostly identified after application millions doses. Establishing direct correlation (the cause-effect paradigm) between vaccination appearance effects has proven challenging. This review focuses main observed vaccination, including anaphylaxis, myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis reported context COVID-19 vaccination. We highlight symptoms, laboratory tests required an adequate diagnosis, briefly outline recommended treatments these effects. aim this work is increase awareness among healthcare personnel about events that may arise post-vaccination. Regardless ongoing discussion safety must be promptly treated effectively reduce risk complications.

Язык: Английский

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The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19

mSystems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(2)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused untold damage globally, presenting unusual demands on but also unique opportunities for vaccine development. development, production, and distribution of vaccines are imperative to saving lives, preventing severe illness, reducing the economic social burdens by COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development: advancements and challenges

Molecular Biomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024

Biomedical research is fundamental in developing preventive and therapeutic vaccines, serving as a cornerstone of global public health. This review explores the key concepts, methodologies, tools, challenges vaccine development landscape, focusing on transitioning from basic biomedical sciences to clinical applications. Foundational disciplines such virology, immunology, molecular biology lay groundwork for creation, while recent innovations like messenger RNA (mRNA) technology reverse vaccinology have transformed field. Additionally, it highlights role pharmaceutical advancements translating lab discoveries into solutions. Techniques CRISPR-Cas9, genome sequencing, monoclonal antibodies, computational modeling significantly enhanced precision efficacy, expediting vaccines against infectious diseases. The also discusses that continue hinder progress, including stringent regulatory pathways, hesitancy, rapid emergence new pathogens. These obstacles underscore need interdisciplinary collaboration adoption innovative strategies. Integrating personalized medicine, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence expected revolutionize science further. By embracing these advancements, has potential overcome existing usher era prophylactic ultimately improving health outcomes. emphasizes critical combating current future threats, advocating continued investment technology.

Язык: Английский

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Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(3), С. 655 - 655

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

It has been 34 months since the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, which causes COVID-19 disease. In several countries, immunization reached a proportion near what is required to reach herd immunity. Nevertheless, infections and re-infections have observed even in vaccinated persons. That because protection conferred by vaccines not entirely effective against new virus variants. unknown how often booster will be necessary maintain good level protective Furthermore, many individuals refuse vaccination, developing large population yet vaccinated. Some live-attenuated are being developed. Here, we analyze indirect dispersion from their contacts contribution that this phenomenon could reaching Herd Immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(5), С. 451 - 451

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted public health and the economy worldwide. Most of currently licensed vaccines act inhibiting receptor-binding function SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The constant emergence variants resulting from mutations in domain (RBD) leads to vaccine immune evasion underscores importance broadly acting vaccines. Inactivated whole virus can elicit broader responses multiple epitopes several antigens help overcome such evasions. We prepared a psoralen-inactivated (SARS-CoV-2 PsIV) evaluated its immunogenicity efficacy nonhuman primates (NHPs) when administered with Advax-CpG adjuvant. also PsIV as booster shot animals vaccinated DNA that express full-length Advax-CpG-adjuvanted elicited dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response NHPs, measured using serum microneutralization assay against Washington strain Delta variant. followed boosting dose exhibited highest were able quickly clear infection after an intranasal challenge Overall, data show PsIV, either itself or following nucleic acid (NA) vaccines, potential protect emerging variants.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19: Post infection implications in different age groups, mechanism, diagnosis, effective prevention, treatment, and recommendations

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 122861 - 122861

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Sperm Quality: Systematic Review

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9, С. e48511 - e48511

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has triggered a global public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is highly effective strategy for preventing infections and severe outcomes. Although several studies have concluded that vaccines are unlikely to affect fertility, concerns arisen regarding adverse events, including the potential impact on fertility; these plagued limited inconsistent evidence.This review aims provide recent assessment literature male sperm quality. possible fertility was also examined draw clearer picture evaluate effects reproductive health.PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Embase, Cochrane databases were searched from their inception October 2023. Eligible included articles reporting human semen quality as well assisted technology treatment cohort assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, cross-sectional evaluation criteria recommended Agency Healthcare Research Quality. systematic followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) guidelines.The initial search yielded 4691 records searching 5 peer-reviewed (PubMed, Cochrane). Finally, 24 relevant selected our study. There evident research inequalities at regional level, with United States Western European countries contributing 38% (9/24) studies, Middle Eastern (9/24), China accounting 21% (5/24), Africa South America none. Nonetheless, overall generally good. Our results demonstrated serious side vaccine extremely rare, men experience few problems parameters or after vaccination.On basis published so far, safe health. Obviously, wise option rather than symptoms viral infections. These instances evidence may help reduce hesitancy increase coverage, particularly among reproductive-age couples. As new controlled trials prospective larger sample sizes emerge, possibility negative effect must be further clarified.

Язык: Английский

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Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines: Current evidence and potential immune mechanisms

Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 263, С. 110220 - 110220

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

As the number of vaccinated individuals has increased, there have been increasing reports cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. The main COVID-19 vaccines administered include messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, non-replicating viral vector inactivated whole-virus and protein-based vaccines. These contain active components such as polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, aluminum, tromethamine, disodium edetate dihydrate. Recent advances in understanding coordination inflammatory responses by specific subsets lymphocytes led to a new classification based on immune response patterns. We categorize these into four patterns: T helper (Th)1-, Th2-, Th17/22-, Treg-polarized inflammation after stimulation Although association between vaccination adverse reactions remains controversial, occurrence rare dermatoses their short intervals suggest possible relationship. Despite potential reactions, administration is crucial ongoing battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Язык: Английский

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