Shedding light on bacteria–host interactions with the aid of TnSeq approaches

mBio, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(6)

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Bacteria are highly adaptable and grow in diverse niches, where they often interact with eukaryotic organisms. These interactions different hosts span the entire spectrum from symbiosis to pathogenicity thus determine lifestyle of bacterium. Knowledge genetic determinants involved animal plant host colonization by pathogenic mutualistic bacteria is not only crucial discover new drug targets for disease management but also developing novel biostimulant strategies. In last decades, significant progress genome-wide high-throughput technologies such as transposon insertion sequencing has led identification pathways that enable efficient colonization. However, extent which similar genes play a role this process yet unclear. This review highlights commonalities specificities bacterial important bacteria-host interaction.

Язык: Английский

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Genome‐wide identification of fitness determinants in the Xanthomonas campestris bacterial pathogen during early stages of plant infection

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 236(1), С. 235 - 248

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2022

Plant diseases are an important threat to food production. While major pathogenicity determinants required for disease have been extensively studied, less is known on how pathogens thrive during host colonization, especially at early infection stages. Here, we used randomly barcoded-transposon insertion site sequencing (RB-TnSeq) perform a genome-wide screen and identify key bacterial fitness of the vascular pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv (Xcc) cauliflower plant (Brassica oleracea). This high-throughput analysis was conducted in hydathodes, natural entry Xcc, xylem sap synthetic media. Xcc did not face strong bottleneck hydathode infection. In total, 181 genes were identified plant-associated environments with functional enrichment involved metabolism but only few previously be virulence. The biological relevance 12 independently confirmed by phenotyping single mutants. Notably, show that XC_3388, protein no function (DUF1631), plays role adaptation virulence possibly through c-di-GMP-mediated regulation. study revealed yet unsuspected social behaviors adopted individuals when confined inside hydathodes

Язык: Английский

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Identification and characterization of lettuce cultivars with high inhibitory activity against the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7: Toward a plant-intrinsic hurdle approach to microbial safety

Postharvest Biology and Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 211, С. 112816 - 112816

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Foodborne illness linked to fruit and vegetables poses a major challenge public health horticulture production. Processed lettuce has been implicated in recurrent outbreaks of pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection. We hypothesized that plant defenses elicited by mechanical injury may effect STEC inhibition cut leaves. Intact leaves 31 cultivars (Lactuca spp.) selected from >500 accessions based on their resistance common insect pests the necrotrophic drop pathogen were assessed for serovar O157:H7 (EcO157) survival under cold storage conditions. The previously ranked also phenotypes such as other phytopathogens physiological traits. Total leaf phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, reactive oxygen species (ROS); phenylalanine lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity quantified each cultivar. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) K-means cluster analysis applied group EcO157 population decline lettuce. In five cultivars, high herbivorous insects (aphids, miners thrips), diseases (lettuce drop, downy mildew, Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus), disorder tipburn was associated with up 42-fold cold-stored (shredded) leaves, 11-fold difference intact vs (ΔD). these 24-fold greater than cultivar lowest decline, 8-fold mean all (P < 0.01). Resistance hemibiotrophic causing bacterial spot, Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians, not indicative this system. High PAL activity, anthocyanin content (PPA); POD 0.05). One susceptibility phytopathogens, low levels defense metabolism nevertheless showed inhibition, suggesting inhibitory characteristics at play. Basal immunity pathways strong wound response inform about enteric minimally processed postharvest related traits identified study serve breed new genotypes intrinsically enhanced microbial safety.

Язык: Английский

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Context matters: assessing the impacts of genomic background and ecology on microbial biosynthetic gene cluster evolution

mSystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

ABSTRACT Encoded within many microbial genomes, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) underlie the synthesis of various secondary metabolites that often mediate ecologically important functions. Several studies and bioinformatics methods developed over past decade have advanced our understanding both pangenomes BGC evolution. In this minireview, we first highlight challenges in broad evolutionary analysis BGCs, including delineation boundaries clustering BGCs across genomes. We further summarize key findings from comparative genomics on conservation taxa habitats discuss potential fitness effects different settings. Afterward, recent research showing importance genomic context production evolution is highlighted. These draw parallels to recent, broader, investigations gene-to-gene associations pangenomes. Finally, describe mechanisms by which evolve, ranging acquisition or origination entire micro-evolutionary trends individual genes. An outlook how expansions capabilities some might support theories open are result adaptive also discussed. conclude with remarks about future work leveraging longitudinal metagenomics diverse ecosystems likely significantly improve genomes BGCs.

Язык: Английский

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High‐Throughput Tn‐Seq Screens Identify Both Known and Novel Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Genes Involved in Metal Tolerance

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

ABSTRACT Industrial and urban activities release toxic chemical waste into the environment. Pseudomonas putida , a soil bacterium, is known to degrade hydrocarbons xenobiotics, possesses numerous genes associated with heavy metal tolerance. Most studies on tolerance in P. focus solely over‐ or underexpressed genes, potentially overlooking important unchanged expression. This study employed Tn‐seq approach identify essential required for growth under stress. method enables identification of mutants altered fitness presence excess metals. The screen successfully identified number implicated resistance, including czcA‐1 cadA‐3 cadR pcoA2 thereby validating approach. Further analyses using targeted mutagenesis complementation assays revealed PP_5337 as putative transcriptional regulator involved copper two‐component system RoxSR ( PP_0887/PP_0888 ) key determinant cadmium Additionally, PP_1663 PP_5002 were contributing cobalt tolerance, respectively. provides first evidence linking these highlighting gaps our understanding mechanisms demonstrating utility identifying novel determinants.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of Defense-Inducing Volatile Compounds against Xanthomonas translucens, Bacterial Leaf Streak Pathogen of Wheat

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102738 - 102738

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Dissimilar gene repertoires of Dickeya solani involved in the colonization of lesions and roots of Solanum tuberosum

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

Dickeya and Pectobacterium species are necrotrophic pathogens that macerate stems (blackleg disease) tubers (soft rot of Solanum tuberosum. They proliferate by exploiting plant cell remains. also colonize roots, even if no symptoms observed. The genes involved in pre-symptomatic root colonization poorly understood. Here, transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) analysis solani living macerated tissues revealed 126 important for competitive tuber lesions 207 stem lesions, including 96 common to both conditions. Common included acr the detoxification defense phytoalexins kduD, kduI, eda (=kdgA), gudD, garK, garL, garR assimilation pectin galactarate. In colonization, Tn-seq highlighted 83 genes, all different from those lesion encode exploitation organic mineral nutrients (dpp, ddp, dctA, pst) glucuronate (kdgK yeiQ) synthesis metabolites: cellulose (celY bcs), aryl polyene (ape), oocydin (ooc). We constructed in-frame deletion mutants bcsA, ddpA, apeH, pstA genes. All were virulent infection assays, but they impaired roots. addition, ΔpstA mutant was its capacity progeny tubers. Overall, this work distinguished two metabolic networks supporting either an oligotrophic lifestyle on roots or a copiotrophic lesions. This novel traits pathways understanding how D. pathogen efficiently survives persists environment, colonizes

Язык: Английский

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MicroRNAs Involved in Nutritional Regulation During Plant–Microbe Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions with Rice as a Model

Molecular Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(8), С. 1754 - 1771

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The type II secretion system as an underappreciated and understudied mediator of interbacterial antagonism

Infection and Immunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 92(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

ABSTRACT Interbacterial antagonism involves all major phyla, occurs across the full range of ecological niches, and has great significance for environment, clinical arena, agricultural industrial sectors. Though earliest insight into interbacterial traces back to discovery antibiotics, a paradigm shift happened when it was learned that protein secretion systems (e.g., types VI IV systems) deliver toxic “effectors” against competitors. However, link between Gram-negative type II system (T2SS), which exists in many pathogens environmental species, is not evident prior reviews on bacterial competition or T2SS function. A current examination literature revealed four examples one its known substrates having bactericidal activity Gram-positive target another Gram-negative. When further studied, effectors proved be peptidases peptidoglycan competitor. There are also reports various bacteriolytic enzymes occurring culture supernatants some other these activities suggested. Thus, can mediator antagonism, possible T2SSs have antibacterial outputs. Yet, at present, remains relatively understudied role competition. Arguably, there need analyze broader species their antagonism. Such investigation offers, among things, pathway toward developing new antimicrobials treating disease.

Язык: Английский

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Enzymatic systems for carbohydrate utilization and biosynthesis in Xanthomonas and their role in pathogenesis and tissue specificity

Essays in Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 67(3), С. 455 - 470

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Xanthomonas plant pathogens can infect hundreds of agricultural plants. These bacteria exploit sophisticated molecular strategies based on multiple secretion systems and their associated virulence factors to overcome the defenses, including physical barrier imposed by cell walls innate immune system. Xanthomonads are equipped with a broad diverse repertoire Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), which besides enabling utilization complex carbohydrates as carbon energy source, also play pivotal roles in bacterial lifestyle host. CAZymes xanthomonads often organized multienzymatic similar Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PUL) from Bacteroidetes known CUT (from Carbohydrate TonB-dependent transporters). recognized synthesize distinct exopolysaccharides xanthan gum untapped biofilm formation. Here, we summarize current knowledge multifaceted xanthomonads, connecting function pathogenicity tissue specificity.

Язык: Английский

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