Genetic and Functional Diversity Help Explain Pathogenic, Weakly Pathogenic, and Commensal Lifestyles in the Genus Xanthomonas

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

The genus Xanthomonas has been primarily studied for pathogenic interactions with plants. However, besides host and tissue-specific strains, this also comprises nonpathogenic strains isolated from a broad range of hosts, sometimes in association other environments, including rainwater. Based on their incapacity or limited capacity to cause symptoms the isolation, xanthomonads can be further characterized as commensal weakly pathogenic. This study aimed understand diversity evolution compared counterparts based cooccurrence phylogenetic relationship identify genomic traits that form basis life history framework groups by ecological strategies. We sequenced genomes 83 spanning phylogeny identified eight novel species, indicating unexplored diversity. While some species have experienced recent loss type III secretion system, specifically hrp2 cluster, we observed an apparent lack cluster lifestyles diverse species. performed analysis large data set 337 explain how may established plants across continuum commensals weak pathogens pathogens. Presence distinct transcriptional regulators, nutrient utilization assimilation genes, chemotaxis genes lifestyle-specific adaptations xanthomonads.

Язык: Английский

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Xanthomonas indica sp. nov., a Novel Member of Non-Pathogenic Xanthomonas Community from Healthy Rice Seeds

Current Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79(10)

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Xanthomonas bonasiae sp. nov. and Xanthomonas youngii sp. nov., isolated from crown gall tissues

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 72(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022

The genus Xanthomonas contains a set of diverse bacterial strains, most which are known for their pathogenicity on annual crops and fruit trees causing economically important plant diseases. Recently, five strains were isolated from Agrobacterium-induced crown gall tissues amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) plants in Iran. Phenotypic characteristics (i.e. biochemical tests features) whole genome sequence-based core-genome phylogeny followed by average nucleotide identity digital DNA-DNA hybridization calculations suggested that these gall-associated belong to two new species within the Xanthomonas. In this study, we provide formal description where bonasiae sp. nov. is proposed with FX4T (=CFBP 8703T=DSM 112530T) as type strain. name youngii AmX2T 8902T=DSM 112529T)

Язык: Английский

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Wild mushrooms as potential reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria: a case study on Burkholderia gladioli

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

ABSTRACT Fruit bodies (sporocarps) of wild mushrooms growing in natural environments play a substantial role the preservation microbial communities, for example, clinical and food-poisoning bacteria. However, as reservoirs plant pathogenic bacteria remains almost entirely unknown. Furthermore, bacterial transmission from mushroom species to agricultural plants has rarely been recorded literature. In September 2021, creamy-white Gram-negative strain was isolated sporocarp Suillus luteus (slippery jack) Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon ) lawn Southern Iran. A similar same fungus area 2022. Both strains were identified Burkholderia gladioli based on phenotypic features well phylogeny 16S rRNA three housekeeping genes. The not only white button Agaricus bisporus but also induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) tobacco common bean leaves caused soft rot set diverse species, that is, chili pepper, pod, cucumber, eggplant, garlic, gladiolus, narcissus, onion, potato, spring okra, kohlrabi, mango, watermelon. Isolation B. S. two consecutive years could be indicative this bacterium environment. associated with naturally potentially invade neighboring crops, vegetables ornamentals. potential phytopathogenic is further discussed. IMPORTANCE genus contains biologically heterogeneous can habitats, soil, water, diseased material, specimens. study, pectinolytic sporocarps 2021 Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed both belonged complex , while pathovar status remained undetermined. Biological investigations accomplished pathogenicity host range assays showed ranging ornamentals monocotyledonous dicotyledonous vegetables. Thus, considered an infectious pathogen capable being transmitted annual crops. Our results raise hypothesis .

Язык: Английский

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Comparative genomics-based insights into Xanthomonas indica , a non-pathogenic species of healthy rice microbiome with bioprotection function

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 90(9)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas species are major pathogens of plants and have been studied extensively. There is increasing recognition the importance non-pathogenic within same genus. With this came need to understand genomic functional diversity (NPX) at strain level. This study reports isolation investigation into variation in NPX isolates, chiefly indica , a newly discovered from rice. The establishes relationship X. strains clade I Xanthomonads with another species, sontii also associated rice seeds. Identification highly diverse strains, open-pan genome, systematic hyper-variation lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic locus when compared pathogenic indicates acquisition new functions for adaptation. Furthermore, comparative genomics studies established absence virulence genes such as type III secretion system effectors, which present pathogens, presence known bacterial-killing IV (X-T4SS). were found protect bacterial leaf blight pathogen, oryzae pv. (Xoo). phenotype an X-T4SS mutant suggests redundancy genetic basis mechanisms involved bioprotection function, may include multiple loci, putative bacteriocin-encoding gene clusters involvement other factors nutrient niche competition apart induction innate immunity through shared microbial-associated molecular patterns. rice-NPX community its counterpart can be promising model understanding plant-microbe-microbiome interaction studies. IMPORTANCE group bacteria characteristic lifestyle phytopathogen. However, discovery shift bacteria. Multi-strain, in-depth genomic, evolutionary on each these still lacking. provides novel insights genome diversity, dynamics, trends microbiome relatives that form sub-clade. Interestingly, we uncovered species. plant protection property shows their part healthy microbiome. finding open pan-genome large-scale significant role host findings high-quality resources will allow further host-associated microbial health.

Язык: Английский

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Taxonomic Refinement of Xanthomonas arboricola

Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 112(8), С. 1630 - 1639

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022

Xanthomonas arboricola comprises a number of economically important fruit tree pathogens classified within different pathovars. Dozens nonpathogenic and taxonomically unvalidated strains are also designated as X. arboricola, leading to complicated taxonomic status in the species. In this study, we have evaluated whole-genome resources all available spp. public databases refine members species based on DNA similarity indexes core genome-based phylogeny. Our results show that, nine validly described pathovars pathotype seven genuine, belonging clade regardless their pathogenicity host isolation (thus validity pathovar status). However, pv. guizotiae populi do not belong because low similarities between type strain these two Thus, propose elevate rank sp. nov. with CFBP 7408T populina 3123T. addition, other mislabeled were scattered that previously or represent novel await formal description.

Язык: Английский

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Field surveys indicate taxonomically diverse Pectobacterium species inducing soft rot of vegetables and annual crops in Iran

Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 72(7), С. 1260 - 1271

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

Abstract Soft rot‐inducing bacterial pathogens are considered among the main biotic constraints on vegetables and annual crops. Most of soft rot members Pectobacterium spp. Dickeya , with former genus encompassing a continuously increasing number species varying in geographic distribution host isolation. In Iran, have rarely been investigated using high‐throughput nucleotide sequence‐based techniques, leaving genetic diversity these mostly undetermined. During 2021, crops symptoms maceration were collected from Fars, Hamedan, Isfahan, Khuzestan Kohgiluyeh‐Boyer‐Ahmad provinces Iran. Forty‐four pectinolytic strains isolated symptomatic tissues bell pepper, cabbage, carrot, lettuce, potato zucchini. The subjected to pathogenicity range assays, specific PCR tests phylogenetic analysis three housekeeping genes ( dnaX gapA leuS ). All pathogenic their Among 44 strains, 26 identified as based primer pair Y1/Y2. Multilocus sequence confirmed latter belonging revealed that scattered into four species: P . brasiliense (five strains), carotovorum (eight polaris strains) versatile strains). P. not previously reported country. Host assays showed broader than other two species.

Язык: Английский

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Detection and Diagnosis of Bacterial Leaf Streak on Small Grain Cereals: From Laboratory to Field

Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 113(11), С. 2024 - 2036

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Bacterial leaf streak of small-grain cereals is an economically important disease wheat and barley crops. The occurs in many countries across the globe, with particular importance regions characterized by high precipitation or areas which sprinkler irrigation used. Three genetically distinct lineages Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas translucens (X. pv. undulosa, X. translucens, cerealis) are responsible for most bacterial infections on Considering seedborne nature pathogens, they included A2 (high-risk) list quarantine organisms some European countries; hence, under strict control zero tolerance. Due to taxonomic complexities within exact geographic distribution each pathovar has not yet been determined. In this mini review, we provide updated overview detection diagnosis pathogens. First, a short history pathogens provided, followed symptomology host range causal agents. Then, utility conventional methods high-throughput molecular approaches precise identification explained. Finally, highlight role inspections early pathogen combating risk 21st century's small-grains cereals' industry.

Язык: Английский

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Ewingella americana: An Emerging Multifaceted Pathogen of Edible Mushrooms

Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 113(2), С. 150 - 159

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022

Mycopathogenic bacteria play a pivotal role in the productivity of edible mushrooms grown under controlled conditions. In this study, we carried out comprehensive farm survey and sampling (2018 to 2021) on button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) farms 15 provinces Iran monitor status bacterial pathogens infecting crop. strains were isolated from pins, stems, caps, as well casing layer 38 farms. The incited symptoms caps ranging faint discoloration dark brown blotch inoculated surfaces. Among inciting disease bottom mushroom, 40 identified Ewingella americana based biochemical assays phylogeny 16S rRNA gyrB gene. E. differed their aggressiveness stipes, where corresponding ranged deep yellow brown. phylogenetic analyses, all study clustered monophyletic clade closely related nonpathogenic environmental species. BOX-PCR-based fingerprinting revealed intraspecific diversity. Using cutoff level 73 76% similarity, formed six clusters. A chronological pattern was observed, 2018 differentiated those 2020 2021. Taken together, due multifaceted nature pathogen, such widespread occurrence could be an emerging threat for industry country.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic and functional diversity help explain pathogenic, weakly pathogenic, and commensal lifestyles in the genusXanthomonas

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023

Abstract The genus Xanthomonas has been primarily studied for pathogenic interactions with plants. However, besides host and tissue specific strains, this also comprises nonpathogenic strains isolated from a broad range of hosts, sometimes in association other environments, including rainwater. Based on their incapacity or limited capacity to cause symptoms the isolation, xanthomonads can be further characterized as commensal weakly pathogenic. This study aimed understand diversity evolution compared counterparts based co-occurrence phylogenetic relationship identify genomic traits that form basis life-history framework groups by ecological strategies. We sequenced genomes 83 spanning phylogeny identified eight novel species, indicating unexplored diversity. While some species have experienced recent loss type III secretion system, specifically, hrp2 cluster, we observed an apparent lack cluster lifestyles diverse species. gathered evidence gene flow among co-occurring suggesting potential act reservoir adaptive vice versa. enriched nonpathogens suggest strategy stress tolerance, rather than avoidance, during

Язык: Английский

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