Rapid mortality in captive bush dogs ( Speothos venaticus ) caused by influenza A of avian origin (H5N1) at a wildlife collection in the United Kingdom

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Europe has suffered unprecedented epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 since Autumn 2021. As well as impacting upon commercial and wild species, the virus also infected mammalian species more than ever observed previously. Mammalian involved in spill over events have primarily been scavenging terrestrial carnivores farmed although marine mammals affected. Alongside reports detections found dead through different surveillance schemes, several mass mortality reported animals. During November 2022, an unusual event was captive bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) with HPAIV origin being causative agent. The enclosure fifteen dogs, ten which succumbed during a nine-day period some exhibiting neurological disease. Ingestion meat is proposed most likely infection route.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the vulnerability of wild bird populations to high pathogenicity avian influenza

Bird Study, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Different Outcomes of Chicken Infection with UK-Origin H5N1-2020 and H5N8-2020 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses (Clade 2.3.4.4b)

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(9), С. 1909 - 1909

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the “goose/Guangdong” lineage have caused a series European epizootics since 2014. During autumn/winter 2020–2021, several subtypes were detected in UK, with H5N8 being dominant subtype wild birds and poultry. Despite greater diversity (due to viral neuraminidase gene reassortment) reported birds, only H5N1 clade UK HPAIV poultry outbreaks during this period. The direct inoculation layer chickens showed that H5N8-2020 was more infectious than H5N1-2020, which supported dominance season. However, mean death time longer for (3.42 days) H5N1-2020 (2.17 days). Transmission from directly infected naive in-contact inefficient both subtypes. Histological lesions, tissue dissemination antigen, nucleic acid extensive abundant accumulated rapidly compared H5N8-2020. Although inefficient, transmission faster, its virulence indicating posed major concern, as subsequently shown epizootic autumn 2021. An evaluation these vivo characteristics is key understanding continuing threats by HPAIVs.

Язык: Английский

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Emergence of a Novel Reassortant Clade 2.3.2.1c Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus Associated with Human Cases in Cambodia

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2024

I. Abstract After nearly a decade without reported human A/H5N1 infections, Cambodia faced sudden resurgence with 16 cases between February 2023 and August 2024, all caused by A/H5 clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. Fourteen involved novel reassortant virus gene segments from both 2.3.4.4b The emergence of this genotype underscores the persistent ongoing threat avian influenza in Southeast Asia. This study details timeline genomic epidemiology these infections related poultry outbreaks Cambodia.

Язык: Английский

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Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H5N5 in white-tailed eagles, 2021–2023

Journal of General Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 105(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses a substantial threat to several raptors. Between 2021 and 2023, HPAI viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong lineage H5 clade 2.3.4.4b became widespread in wild birds Norway, H5N1 H5N5 were detected 31 white-tailed eagles (

Язык: Английский

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A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird – poultry interface

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

A free-range organic broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) premises in Staffordshire was infected by high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 during the 2020-2021 epizootic United Kingdom (UK). Following initial confirmation of infection poultry, multiple wild bird species were seen scavenging on chicken carcasses. Detected dead birds subsequently demonstrated to have been and succumbed HPAIV H5N8. Initially, species, magpie (Pica pica) raven (Corvus corax), found but over following days, buzzards (Buteo buteo) also within local area with positive detection submitted The subacute nature microscopic lesions a buzzard consistent timeframe infection. Finally, considerable number free-living pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) surrounding area, carcasses having higher viral antigen loads compared chickens. Limited dissemination observed magpie, buzzard. Further, an avirulent paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) detected poultry samples as well viscera HPAIV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal colocalization antigens lesions, supporting APMV-1 Overall, this case highlights scenarios which bi-directional transmission diseases between commercial may occur. It underlines importance bio separation reduced access when pressure from is high.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of Survival Kinetics for Emergent Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 889 - 889

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry species. HPAIV prevalence means numbers of infected wild birds could lead to spill over events for farmed poultry. How these pathogens survive the environment is important disease maintenance potential dissemination. We evaluated temperature-associated survival kinetics five clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx HPAIVs (UK field strains between 2014 2021) incubated at up three temperatures ten weeks. The selected represented northern European winter (4 °C) summer (20 °C); a southern temperature (30 °C). For each HPAIV, time days reduce viral infectivity by 90% T was established (DT), showing that lower incubation prolonged virus (stability), where DT ranged from fastest loss observed 30 °C. Extrapolation graphical plots x-axis intercept provided corresponding extinction decay. Statistical tests difference values times strain indicated majority displayed different other 4 °C 20

Язык: Английский

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journey of the avian influenza virus H5N1 through 30 years of evolutionary events, geographical locations, and animal species

International Journal of Health Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(1), С. 89 - 108

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Influenza viruses have caused outbreaks and pandemics throughout human history until Covid-19 been considered the group of with largest potential for pandemics. Avian influenza cause zoonotic diseases, including birds, mammals, humans. This review focuses on H5N1 because it is highly pathogenic generated most common clades among current ones (e.g. 2.3.4.4). Since first goose that was infected in Guangdong, China by A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) 1996, has undergone many events reassortment other accumulated amino acid substitutions 10 proteins are encoded genome. The will follow through examples such evolutionary permitted virus to spread across world, as well animal species. Hallmark mutations permit or prevent selective binding receptors bird mammal host cells be identified. journey NorthAtlantic fly way from Europe North South America, culminating reported death United States explained. concludes state vaccines anti-virals an assessment author situation.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiological and Virological investigation of high pathogenicity avian influenza outbreaks in Danish poultry during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022

Research in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105618 - 105618

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Using expert elicitation to assess the likely effectiveness of conservation interventions during an unprecedented outbreak of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds

Bird Study, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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