Utilizing citizen science data to rapidly assess changing associations between wild birds and avian influenza outbreaks in poultry DOI Creative Commons
Stephen H. Vickers, Jayna Raghwani, Ashley C. Banyard

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2031)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

High pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a rapidly evolving causing significant economic and environmental harm. Wild birds are key viral reservoir an important source of incursions into animal populations, including poultry. However, we lack thorough understanding which species drive whether this changes over time. We explored associations between the abundances 152 outbreaks highly pathogenic (HPAI) in poultry premises across Great Britain October 2021 January 2023. Spatial generalized additive models were used, with abundance distributions sourced from eBird. Associations investigated at species-specific level aggregations. During autumn/winter, generally strongest waterbirds such as ducks geese; however, also found groups non-native gamebirds rapid change Our results demonstrate value citizen science to explore wild potential facilitators disease well-monitored especially regions where surveillance limited. This can be critical step towards prioritizing targeted that could inform biosecurity measures; particularly for HPAIV, has undergone sudden shifts host range continues evolve.

Language: Английский

Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk DOI Creative Commons
Jenna Schafers, Caroline J. Warren, Jiayun Yang

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle Concerningly, titres were detected cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route human infection. Cows’ is typically pasteurised to render it safe for consumption, but effectiveness pasteurisation on viruses was uncertain. To assess this, here we evaluate heat inactivation panel different viruses. This includes and A (IAVs), D naturally infects cattle, recombinant IAVs carrying contemporary or bovine glycoproteins. At temperatures 63 °C 72 °C, find viral infectivity rapidly lost becomes undetectable before times recommended (30 minutes 15 seconds, respectively). We then show HPAIV effectively inactivated by comparable treatment, even though its genetic material remains detectable. conclude conditions should inactivate unpasteurised carry infectious

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Using ring (band) recovery data to examine the impact of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) on wild bird populations DOI
Daniel T. Johnston, Philip W. Atkinson,

Ellie I. Leech

et al.

Bird Study, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Different Outcomes of Chicken Infection with UK-Origin H5N1-2020 and H5N8-2020 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses (Clade 2.3.4.4b) DOI Creative Commons
Amanda H. Seekings, Caroline J. Warren, Saumya S. Thomas

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1909 - 1909

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the “goose/Guangdong” lineage have caused a series European epizootics since 2014. During autumn/winter 2020–2021, several subtypes were detected in UK, with H5N8 being dominant subtype wild birds and poultry. Despite greater diversity (due to viral neuraminidase gene reassortment) reported birds, only H5N1 clade UK HPAIV poultry outbreaks during this period. The direct inoculation layer chickens showed that H5N8-2020 was more infectious than H5N1-2020, which supported dominance season. However, mean death time longer for (3.42 days) H5N1-2020 (2.17 days). Transmission from directly infected naive in-contact inefficient both subtypes. Histological lesions, tissue dissemination antigen, nucleic acid extensive abundant accumulated rapidly compared H5N8-2020. Although inefficient, transmission faster, its virulence indicating posed major concern, as subsequently shown epizootic autumn 2021. An evaluation these vivo characteristics is key understanding continuing threats by HPAIVs.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
journey of the avian influenza virus H5N1 through 30 years of evolutionary events, geographical locations, and animal species DOI Open Access

Birgit Pruess

International Journal of Health Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 89 - 108

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Influenza viruses have caused outbreaks and pandemics throughout human history until Covid-19 been considered the group of with largest potential for pandemics. Avian influenza cause zoonotic diseases, including birds, mammals, humans. This review focuses on H5N1 because it is highly pathogenic generated most common clades among current ones (e.g. 2.3.4.4). Since first goose that was infected in Guangdong, China by A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) 1996, has undergone many events reassortment other accumulated amino acid substitutions 10 proteins are encoded genome. The will follow through examples such evolutionary permitted virus to spread across world, as well animal species. Hallmark mutations permit or prevent selective binding receptors bird mammal host cells be identified. journey NorthAtlantic fly way from Europe North South America, culminating reported death United States explained. concludes state vaccines anti-virals an assessment author situation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Epidemiological and Virological investigation of high pathogenicity avian influenza outbreaks in Danish poultry during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 DOI
Yuan Liang, Anette Boklund, Lars Erik Larsen

et al.

Research in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105618 - 105618

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird – poultry interface DOI Creative Commons
Scott M. Reid, Alexander M. P. Byrne, Fabian Z. X. Lean

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 30, 2024

A free-range organic broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) premises in Staffordshire was infected by high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 during the 2020-2021 epizootic United Kingdom (UK). Following initial confirmation of infection poultry, multiple wild bird species were seen scavenging on chicken carcasses. Detected dead birds subsequently demonstrated to have been and succumbed HPAIV H5N8. Initially, species, magpie (Pica pica) raven (Corvus corax), found but over following days, buzzards (Buteo buteo) also within local area with positive detection submitted The subacute nature microscopic lesions a buzzard consistent timeframe infection. Finally, considerable number free-living pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) surrounding area, carcasses having higher viral antigen loads compared chickens. Limited dissemination observed magpie, buzzard. Further, an avirulent paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) detected poultry samples as well viscera HPAIV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal colocalization antigens lesions, supporting APMV-1 Overall, this case highlights scenarios which bi-directional transmission diseases between commercial may occur. It underlines importance bio separation reduced access when pressure from is high.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H5N5 in white-tailed eagles, 2021–2023 DOI
Cathrine Arnason Bøe, Eve Zeyl Fiskebeck, Malin R. Reiten

et al.

Journal of General Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses a substantial threat to several raptors. Between 2021 and 2023, HPAI viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong lineage H5 clade 2.3.4.4b became widespread in wild birds Norway, H5N1 H5N5 were detected 31 white-tailed eagles (

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Efficient and Informative Laboratory Testing for Rapid Confirmation of H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4) High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Outbreaks in the United Kingdom DOI Creative Commons
Marek J. Slomka, Scott M. Reid, Alexander M. P. Byrne

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1344 - 1344

Published: June 9, 2023

During the early stages of UK 2021-2022 H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) epizootic in commercial poultry, 12 infected premises (IPs) were confirmed by four real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RRT)-PCRs, which identified viral subtype and pathotype. An assessment was undertaken to evaluate whether a large sample throughput would challenge laboratory capacity during an exceptionally epizootic; hence, assay performance across our test portfolio investigated. Statistical analysis RRT-PCR swab testing supported it be focused on three-test approach, featuring matrix (M)-gene, H5 HPAIV-specific (H5-HP) N1 RRT-PCRs, successfully assessed at 29 subsequent IPs. The absence nucleotide mismatches primer/probe binding regions for M-gene limited H5-HP underlined their high sensitivity. Although less sensitive, remained effective flock level. analyses also guided successful surveillance apparently healthy ducks from at-risk premises, with pools five oropharyngeal swabs tested exclude evidence infection. Serological anseriform HPAIV outbreaks, together quantitative comparisons cloacal shedding, provided epidemiological information concerning chronology initial incursion onward spread within IP.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Rapid mortality in captive bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) caused by influenza A of avian origin (H5N1) at a wildlife collection in the United Kingdom DOI Creative Commons

Marco Falchieri,

Scott M. Reid,

Akbar Dastderji

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Europe has suffered unprecedented epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 since Autumn 2021. As well as impacting upon commercial and wild species, the virus also infected mammalian species more than ever observed previously. Mammalian involved in spill over events have primarily been scavenging terrestrial carnivores farmed although marine mammals affected. Alongside reports detections found dead through different surveillance schemes, several mass mortality reported animals. During November 2022, an unusual event was captive bush dogs ( Speothos venaticus ) with HPAIV origin being causative agent. The enclosure fifteen dogs, ten which succumbed during a nine-day period some exhibiting neurological disease. Ingestion meat is proposed most likely infection route.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Assessment of Survival Kinetics for Emergent Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses DOI Creative Commons
Caroline J. Warren, Sharon M. Brookes, Mark Arnold

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 889 - 889

Published: May 31, 2024

High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry species. HPAIV prevalence means numbers of infected wild birds could lead to spill over events for farmed poultry. How these pathogens survive the environment is important disease maintenance potential dissemination. We evaluated temperature-associated survival kinetics five clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx HPAIVs (UK field strains between 2014 2021) incubated at up three temperatures ten weeks. The selected represented northern European winter (4 °C) summer (20 °C); a southern temperature (30 °C). For each HPAIV, time days reduce viral infectivity by 90% T was established (DT), showing that lower incubation prolonged virus (stability), where DT ranged from fastest loss observed 30 °C. Extrapolation graphical plots x-axis intercept provided corresponding extinction decay. Statistical tests difference values times strain indicated majority displayed different other 4 °C 20

Language: Английский

Citations

2