Climate change and human health in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East: Literature review, research priorities and policy suggestions

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 216, С. 114537 - 114537

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022

Human health is linked to climatic factors in complex ways, and climate change can have profound direct indirect impacts on the status of any given region. Susceptibility modulated by biological, ecological socio-political such as age, gender, geographic location, socio-economic status, occupation, housing conditions, among other. In Eastern Mediterranean Middle East (EMME), known affect human include extreme heat, water shortages air pollution. Furthermore, epidemiology vector-borne diseases (VBDs) consequences population displacement are also influenced this To inform future policies for adaptation mitigation measures, based an extensive review available knowledge, we recommend several research priorities These generation more empirical evidence exposure-response functions involving specific outcomes, development appropriate methodologies evaluate physical psychological effects vulnerable populations, determining how alters determinants health, improving our understanding long-term exposure heat stress pollution, evaluating interactions between strategies. Because national boundaries do not limit most climate-related expected impact propose that adaptation/mitigation must a regional scope, therefore require collaborative efforts EMME nations. Policy suggestions decisive region-wide decarbonisation, integration environmentally driven morbidity mortality data throughout region, advancing widespread use affordable technologies production management drinking non-traditional means, comprehensive strategies improve displaced fostering networks monitoring controlling spread infectious disease vectors.

Язык: Английский

---

Impacts of Climate Change and Heat Stress on Farmworkers' Health: A Scoping Review

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022

Due to the continuous rise of global temperatures and heatwaves worldwide as a result climate change, concerns for health safety working populations have increased. Workers in food production chain, particularly farmworkers, are especially vulnerable heat stress due strenuous nature their work, which is performed primarily outdoors under poor conditions. At cross-section change farmworkers' health, scoping review was undertaken summarize existing knowledge regarding impacts associated with stress, guide future research toward better understanding current risks, inform policies protect agricultural workers. A systematic search 5 electronic databases gray literature websites conducted identify relevant published up until December 2021. total 9045 records were retrieved from searches, 92 articles included final review. The majority reviewed focused on heat-related illnesses (

Язык: Английский

---

Changing behaviour for net zero 2050

BMJ, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. n2293 - n2293

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2021

Theresa Marteau and colleagues argue for rapid, radical changes to the infrastructure pricing systems that currently support unhealthy unsustainable behaviour

Язык: Английский

---

Circular material flow in the intensive care unit—environmental effects and identification of hotspots

Intensive Care Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(1), С. 65 - 74

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022

The healthcare sector is responsible for 6-7% of CO2 emissions. intensive care unit (ICU) contributes to these emissions and a shift from linear system circular needed. aim our research was perform material flow analysis (MFA) in an academic ICU. Secondary aims were obtain information numbers on mass, carbon footprint, agricultural land occupation water usage determine so-called "environmental hotspots" the ICU.A performed over year 2019, followed by environmental footprint materials hotspot identification.2839 patients admitted ICU 2019. average length stay 4.6 days. Our MFA showed mass inflow 247,000 kg 2019 care, which 50,000 incinerated as (hazardous) hospital waste. impact per patient resulted 17 12 eq, 300 L 4 m2 day. Five hotspots identified: non-sterile gloves, isolation gowns, bed liners, surgical masks syringes (including packaging).This first that identified risks its magnitude unit.

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Obesity Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(9)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2022

Summary In parallel with an increased focus on climate changes and carbon footprint, the interest in plant‐based diets its potential health effects have over past decade. The objective of this systematic review meta‐analysis was to examine effect vegan (≥12 weeks) cardiometabolic risk factors people overweight or type 2 diabetes. We identified 11 trials (796 participants). comparison control diets, reduced body weight (−4.1 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −5.9 −2.4, p < 0.001), mass index (BMI) (−1.38 kg/m , CI −1.96 −0.80, glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) (−0.18% points, −0.29 −0.07, = 0.002), total cholesterol (−0.30 mmol/L, −0.52 −0.08, 0.007), low‐density lipoprotein (−0.24 −0.40 0.005). no blood pressure, high‐density cholesterol, triglycerides. found that adhering for at least 12 weeks may be effective individuals diabetes induce a meaningful decrease improve glycemia. Some contributed differences macronutrient composition energy intake versus diets. Therefore, more research is needed regarding health.

Язык: Английский

---

Pharmaceutical Company Targets and Strategies to Address Climate Change: Content Analysis of Public Reports from 20 Pharmaceutical Companies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(4), С. 3206 - 3206

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2023

The pharmaceutical industry produces a large proportion of health system greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing to climate change. This urgently needs be addressed. We aimed examine company change targets, GHG and strategies reduce them. performed content analysis the 20 largest companies' publicly available 2020/2021 reports, focusing on extracting information their reported emissions (and whether companies had demonstrated any reduction in over reporting period), being implemented meet targets. Nineteen have committed reducing ten carbon neutrality eight net zero between 2025 2050. Companies showed largely favorable reductions scope 1 (in-house) 2 (purchased energy), with variable results 3 (supply chain) emissions. Strategies included optimizing manufacturing distribution, responsible sourcing energy, water, raw materials. Pharmaceutical are setting targets reduced via range strategies. varies, track actions accountability improve consistency reporting, especially collaborate novel solutions. There is need for further mixed methods research progress achieving as well implementation within industry.

Язык: Английский

---

Time to treat the climate & nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency

The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 158(4), С. 330 - 330

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Over 200 health journals call on the United Nations, political leaders and professionals to recognize that climate change biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis must be tackled together preserve avoid catastrophe. This overall environmental is now so severe as a global emergency. The world currently responding nature if they were separate challenges. dangerous mistake. 28th Conference of Parties (COP) about held in Dubai while 16th COP due Turkey 2024. research communities provide evidence for two COPs unfortunately largely separate, but brought workshop 2020 when concluded that: 'Only by considering parts same complex problem…can solutions developed maladaptation maximize beneficial outcomes'1. As has recognized with development concept planetary health, natural made up interdependent system. Damage subsystem can create feedback damages another – For example, drought, wildfires, floods other effects rising temperatures destroy plant life, lead soil erosion inhibit carbon storage, which means more warming2. Climate set overtake deforestation land-use primary driver loss3. Nature remarkable power restore. deforested land revert forest through regeneration marine phytoplankton, act stores, turn over billion tonnes photosynthesising biomass every eight days4. Indigenous sea management have particularly important role play continuing care5. Restoring help replenishing could remove greenhouse gases from atmosphere vast scale6. However, actions may benefit harm planting forests type tree dioxide air damage fundamental healthy ecosystems7. impacts Human damaged directly both crisis, described previous editorials8,9, crisis10. will major result disruption social economic systems Shortages land, shelter, food water, exacerbating poverty, mass migration conflict. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, pollution spread infectious diseases some threats exacerbated change11. 'Without nature, we nothing', was UN Secretary-General António Guterres's blunt summary at Montreal last year12. Even keep warming below an increase 1.5°C pre-industrial levels, still cause catastrophic destroying nature. Access clean water human yet quality, causing rise water-borne diseases13. Contamination also far-reaching distant ecosystems runs off into ocean14. Good nutrition underpinned diversity variety foods, there been striking genetic Globally, fifth people rely wild species their livelihoods15. Declines wildlife challenge these populations, low- middle-income countries. Fish than half dietary protein many African, South Asian small island nations, ocean acidification reduced quality quantity seafood16. Changes use forced tens thousands closer contact, increasing exchange pathogens emergence new pandemics17. People losing contact environment declining linked increases non-communicable, autoimmune inflammatory metabolic, allergic neuropsychiatric disorders10,18. indigenous people, caring connecting especially health19. source medicines, thus constrains discovery medicines. Communities healthier access high-quality green spaces filter pollution, reduce ground opportunities physical activity20. Connection reduces stress, loneliness depression promoting interaction21. These benefits threatened urbanization22. Finally, experienced unequally between within countries, most vulnerable often bearing highest burden10. Linked this, inequality arguably fuelling crises. Environmental challenges social/health inequities share drivers potential cobenefits addressing them10. A emergency In December 2022, agreed effective conservation least 30 per cent world's coastal areas oceans 203023. Industrialized countries mobilize $30 year support developing nations do so23. agreements echo promises COPs. Yet, commitments not met. allowed pushed further brink, greatly risk arriving 'tipping points', abrupt breakdowns functioning nature2,24. If events occur, would globally catastrophic. risk, combined already occurring, World Health Organization (WHO) should declare three preconditions WHO situation public international concern25 it: (i) Is serious, sudden, unusual or unexpected; (ii) Carries implications beyond affected State's national border; (iii) May require immediate action. appear fulfill all those conditions. While accelerating sudden unexpected, certainly serious unusual. Hence, make this declaration before seventy seventh Assembly Tackling requires processes harmonized. first step, respective conventions push better integration plans equivalents3. scientists concluded, 'Critical leverage points include exploring alternative visions good rethinking consumption waste, shifting values related human-nature relationship, reducing inequalities education learning'1. All health. powerful advocates restoring tackling Political well flow crisis26. first, what it is: Comment being published simultaneously multiple journals. full list see: https://www.bmj.com/content/full-list-authors-and-signatories-climate-nature-emergency-editorial-october-2023. Financial & sponsorship: None. Conflicts Interest:

Язык: Английский

---

Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency

BMJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. p2355 - p2355

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Climate change and respiratory health: a European Respiratory Society position statement

European Respiratory Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(2), С. 2201960 - 2201960

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Tweetable abstract

Climate change is a major threat to lung patients, causing more frequent and extreme weather events, prolonged aeroallergen seasons, poorer air quality. ERS calls on the health community policymakers act now prepare for complex future.https://bit.ly/3pO27Ne

Язык: Английский

---

Climate Change and Substance-Use Behaviors: A Risk-Pathways Framework

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(4), С. 936 - 954

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2022

Climate change is undermining the mental and physical health of global populations, but question how it affecting substance-use behaviors has not been systematically examined. In this narrative synthesis, we find that climate could increase harmful substance use worldwide through at least five pathways: psychosocial stress arising from destabilization social, environmental, economic, geopolitical support systems; increased rates disorders; physical-health burden; incremental changes to established behavior patterns; worry about dangers unchecked change. These pathways operate independently, additively, interactively, cumulatively vulnerability. Young people face disproportionate risks because their high vulnerability mental-health problems disorders greater number life years ahead in which be exposed current worsening We suggest systems thinking developmental life-course approaches provide practical frameworks for conceptualizing relationship. Further conceptual, methodological, empirical work urgently needed evaluate nature scope burden so effective adaptive preventive action can taken.

Язык: Английский

---