Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on movement behaviours of children and adolescents: a systematic review

BMJ Global Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1), С. e007190 - e007190

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Introduction Several studies have examined how the lockdown restrictions enforced to halt spread of COVID-19 affected children and adolescents’ movement behaviours, but there is a need synthesise these findings. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review examine impact on behaviours. Methods We searched eight databases grey literature for relevant all study designs; narrative analysis results following synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines. used appropriate tools assess risk bias in quantitative qualitative studies. compared changes physical activity, screen time sleep duration quality from before during lockdown. Results This included 71 reporting data 35 countries territories, mostly high-income economies. A majority cross-sectional design had fair poor-quality ratings. Most reported reduced increased longer hours among adolescents. Children adolescents facing strict lockdowns saw larger decline activity sharper increase than those under mild restrictions. Conclusion COVID-19-related were detrimental with stricter tending bigger impact. are likely be less active, spend more screen, More low-income middle-income could provide clearer picture PROSPERO registration number CRD42021245924.

Язык: Английский

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Trends in Screen Time Use Among Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic, July 2019 Through August 2021

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(2), С. e2256157 - e2256157

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Importance The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread lockdowns and school closures that may have affected screen time among children. Although restrictions were strongest early in the pandemic, it is unclear how changed as progressed. Objective To evaluate change children’s from before during July 2019 through August 2021. Design, Setting, Participants This a longitudinal cohort study with repeated measures of collected 2 periods. Children aged 4 12 years their parent enrolled 3 pediatric cohorts across states US participating Environmental Influences Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Data analysis was performed November 2021 2022. Exposures period: prepandemic (July March 2020), period 1 (December 2020 April 2021), (May 2021). Main Measures primary outcomes total, educational (not including remote school), recreational assessed via ECHO Media Use questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects models used for adjusted child’s age, number siblings, sex, race, ethnicity, maternal education. Results included 228 children (prepandemic mean [SD] 7.0 [2.7] years; 100 female [43.9%]) measured at least once period. Prepandemic (SD) total 4.4 (3.9) hours per day increased 1.75 (95% CI, 1.18-2.31 day) first 1.11 0.49-1.72 second period, models. 4.0 (3.5) 0.89 0.39-1.39 0.70 0.16-1.25 0.5 (1.2) (median [IQR], 0.0 [0.0-0.4] 0.93 0.67-1.19 0.46 0.18-0.74 Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest remained elevated even after many public health precautions lifted. long-term association needs be determined.

Язык: Английский

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Depression and lifestyle: Focusing on nutrition, exercise, and their possible relevance to molecular mechanisms

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 77(8), С. 420 - 433

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

Accumulating evidence has suggested the important role of lifestyle factors in depressive disorder. This paper aimed to introduce and outline recent research on epidemiological intervention studies lifestyle-related disorder with a special focus diet. Evidence exercise, sleep. related behaviors is also described. Here, findings from meta-analytic are emphasized by author's group introduced. Dietary that increase risk illness include energy overload, skipping breakfast, unhealthy diet styles such as Western diet, inflammation-prone high consumption ultraprocessed food (UPF). Nutritional imbalances inadequate intake protein, fish (Ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), vitamins (folate vitamin D), minerals (iron zinc) increases depression. Poor oral hygiene, allergy, addiction alcohol, smoking constitute factors. Sedentary increased screen time (e.g. video games internet) confer Insomnia disturbed sleep-wake rhythm involved pathogenesis There accumulating at meta-analysis level for interventions modify these habits protection treatment Main biological mechanisms link between depression monoamine imbalance, inflammation, altered stress response, oxidative stress, dysfunction brain-derived neurotrophic factor, although other players insulin, leptin, orexin play role. To resilience modern ameliorate through modification habits, list 30 recommendable presented.

Язык: Английский

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Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and universal mitigation strategies have fundamentally affected peoples’ lives worldwide, particularly during the first two years of pandemic. Reductions in physical activity (PA) increased mental health (MH) problems among children youth been observed. This systematic review meta-analysis investigated relationship between COVID‐19 Methods Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web Science) were systematically searched to identify studies that (1) examined PA MH (aged 2–24 old) (2) published peer-reviewed journals English January 2020 December 2021. Relationships aspects (i.e., negative positive psychological responses) at different age ranges those with disabilities or chronic conditions (DCC) synthesized. Meta-analyses also performed for eligible determine pooled effect size. Results A total 58 eventually included variable categorization, 32 meta-analyses. Our synthesis results showed greater participation was strongly related lower responses anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, fatigue, problems) higher general well-being vigor) COVID-19. pattern strength relations outcomes varied across conditions, preschoolers DCC receiving less attention existing research. Meta-analysis magnitude associations (Fisher’s z = − 0.198, p < 0.001) 0.170, weak. These linked participants, study quality, reporting PA-related information. Conclusions deteriorated COVID-19 pandemic closely associated each other. For post-COVID-19 era, additional research on age- condition-specific relationships from a comprehensive perspective is warranted. (Word count: 344 words).

Язык: Английский

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Educational Research and Innovation

Educational research and innovation, Год журнала: 2009, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2009

The nature of childhood and how we view children has changed tremendously in the 21st century.Cultural shifts, global mega trends technological developments have shifted what looks like types roles can do take modern societies.Children are no longer seen as passive beings need protection future citizens, but rather citizens today.They increasingly autonomous agents change who play important shaping current democracies.These changes beg question: does child empowerment mean today implications for OECD education systems well-being?The authors this report seek to answer question by exploring changing childhood, delving into some potential facilitators or barriers empowerment.They propose a definition empowerment, suggesting that empowered opportunity ability act on issues relevant them, learn making mistakes, key contributors democracy.This at various ways which support empowerment.This ranges from providing them with civic skills knowledge effectively participate democracy, supporting their social, emotional physical well-being, reducing inequalities threaten vulnerable marginalised groups.It children's lives, including they interact media digital environment, be used identity development, well-being self-expression new ways.By presenting state art literature, outlining examples promising policy practice countries, volume provides guidance insights work together range actors while helping realise rights.Child is recognised goal priority governments around OECD.Many countries taken effective steps realising goal.However still far go ensuring all future.WHAT DOES CHILD EMPOWERMENT MEAN TODAY?© 2024 Executive summaryEmpowering active participants society emerged critical aim agendas across OECD.Yet, achieving simple.Set against backdrop way understands role child, well opportunities challenges posed publication delves meaning explores its systems.By defining concepts examining valuable empowering children, amidst declining activity, increased stress anxiety, COVID-19, landscape persistent inequalities.This takes stock these broad themes often repeated rarely articulated call empower children.This centres it's analysis three core opportunities. Enhanced well-beingGood things happen when them.Child enhances self-esteem leadership skills, nurturing competent, confident members society.When done authentic crafting school policies practices, tend better suited contribute positively climates social cohesion. Better makingChild an essential educational within though it lacks clear implementation strategies.Giving greater empowers actively decisions contributing unique perspectives.Actively participating decision-making processes both age-appropriate supports personal development ensures societal practices reflect needs perspectives. 9WHAT Current conditions may hindering empowermentEmpowering only possible if makers directly, effectively, tackle number challenges.This requires more attention paid establishing sufficient baseline such health, literacy, access necessary resources.At present, activity levels among insufficient many experience increasing loneliness feelings anxiety.The environment offers wide arenas yet engagement activism, debate peer communities remains modest minority engaging behaviours.Part could related lack literacy distinguish fact opinion.This skill gap crucial because influences confidence content critically, make informed decisions, fundamental aspect empowerment.While platforms powerful tools engagement, not fully harnessed.Moreover, poorer regions lower socio-economic backgrounds face significant accessing also leveraging (often limited) seize managing risks harm. Addressing cultural systemic changeOECD been working hard years wealth research, interventions exists help, documented publication.However, navigating multifaceted shift mindsets those systems, perform children.Shifting responsibilities days than protection, met apprehension adults.Including stakeholders rethink might traditionally order avoid common pitfalls tokenism, manipulation, decoration simply recreating adult structures trying fit structures.Adapting societies schools engage stakeholders, ensure equitable representation, particularly disadvantaged groups, requiring uphold rights safety resource-intensive.It buy-in challenging get right.Structural schools, high staff turnover terms teachers leadership, further complicate goals children.Being educator easy task, high-quality professional opportunities.Greater systematic partnerships external help lighten load, instance provision consistent mental health support.Yet, between left up individual institutions.Schools require dedicated, system-wide mechanisms partnerships.Lastly, inequalities, influenced geographical factors, remain barrier, necessitating focused research equity inclusion comprehensive approach must transform emphasise address disparities, enhance support, expand efforts, thereby creating ecosystem where every thrive our shared future.Education part co-ordinated, whole-of-society promote inside out classroom.This means government meaningfully participation.This necessitates establishment (or strengthening) legislative frameworks, strategies evaluation mandate government.WHAT 2024Empowering exercise agency carefully balancing protect unacceptably risk allowing management strategies.This balance constantly shifting, over course gradually acquire independence autonomy caregivers.An optimal enables older develop healthy sense self-reliance freedom well, family, friends community harm too high.Crucially, source come others exercising agency.As Gottschalk Borhan (2023[4]) remind us, critique use term agency, due assumption much literature inherently positive problematic open manipulation.Sometimes different forms odds each other.Encouraging involvement parents countries.Additionally, leaders positioned actors.But, Burns (2020[3]) ask, whose voice counts views aligned?Having thought out, innovative collaborative models bring parents, communities, themselves most presented century, fullest, flourish change.WHAT Box 1.2. What mobilisation?Over past two decades diverse body understand increase evidence through intentional process known mobilisation.It evidence-informed contributes decision learning.Crucially, mobilisation about just disseminating findings via accessible communication channels.Although important, there now substantive showing fostering interaction building relationships people organisations, incentivising activating parts system evidence, required (OECD, 2022[9]).Social tool making.When deliberately structured, interactions colleagues organisations integrate activities stimulate learning.They block culture 2023[10]).A strong one it.This agreement questions mutual understanding, attitudes, dedicated time space individuals (Langer, Tripney Gough, 2016[11]).WHAT This chapter nature.It today, recognising holders acknowledging exercise.Childhood conceptualisations dynamic, broader shifts.With advancement dialogues, being included processes.This outlines affect participate.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic–Related Lifestyle on Myopia

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(5), С. 470 - 480

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic–related lifestyle on myopia outcomes in children young adults. Methods: A search was conducted PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials databases (with manual searching reference lists reviews). Studies included assessed changes myopia-related (cycloplegic refraction) during COVID pre-COVID. Of 367 articles identified, 7 (6 prospective cohorts; 1 repeated cross-sectional study) comprising 6327 participants aged 6 17 were included. Quality appraisals performed with Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Pooled differences annualized myopic shifts or mean spherical equivalent (SE) pre-COVID obtained from random-effects models. Results: In all studies, SE moved toward direction (vs pre-COVID), where 5 reported significantly faster [difference means changes: −1.20 −0.35 diopters per year, [D/y]; pooled estimate: −0.73 D/y; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.96, −0.50; P<0.001], 2 more (difference means: −0.72 −0.44 −0.54 CI: −0.80, −0.28; P<0.001). Three studies higher (SE ≤−0.50 D) incidence (2.0- 2.6-fold increase) versus assessing changes, 4 lower time outdoors (pre-COVID vs COVID: 1.1–1.8 0.4–1.0 hours day, [h/d]), 3 screen 0.7–2.8 2.4–6.9 h/d). Conclusions: This suggests pre-COVID) 17. COVID-19 restrictions may have worsened shifts, lifting lessen this effect. Evaluations long-term pandemic onset progression large are warranted confirm these findings.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(11), С. 729 - 736

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2022

We examined recent global secular trends in 5 indicators of child and adolescent physical activity sedentary behavior (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Active Play, Transportation, Sedentary Behavior) 4 influences on these (Family Peers, School, Community Environment, Government).Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance letter grades (A+ to F) were assigned numbers from 15 2, with 0 for missing/incomplete grades. Trends Matrices 1.0 (2014) 4.0 (2022) analyzed using linear mixed-effects models level economic development gender inequity considered as potential moderators.Report card generally relatively stable. did not differ significantly by (except Transportation Play), but inequality moderate most the indicators, higher associated more adverse changes The number "incomplete" decreased over time, this reach statistical significance.While varied within between countries, behaviors, behaviors globally, stable past decade or so, albeit at undesirable levels.

Язык: Английский

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The impacts of physical activity on psychological and behavioral problems, and changes in physical activity, sleep and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the level of physical activity (PA). However, little is known about its effect on health outcomes. Methods Articles without language restrictions published from database inception through March 16, 2022, were retrieved using CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. High-quality articles assessing PA psychological behavioral problems. Additionally, PA, QoL, and/or sleep problems before during included. data regarding or involving non-general populations excluded. PRISMA MOOSE guidelines followed. Data quality selected was assessed Newcastle-Ottawa Scale GRADE approach. pooled a random-effects model sensitivity analysis if heterogenicity high ( I 2 ≥ 50%). relationship between problems; changes in sleeping patterns preschoolers, children, adolescents investigated. A meta-analysis conducted; odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MD), standardized MDs (SMDs) calculated. Results Thirty-four 66,857 participants results showed an overall significant protective (OR = 0.677; 95% CI 0.630, 0.728; p -value &lt;0.001; 59.79%). This also subgroup children 0.690; 0.632, 0.752; 58.93%) 0.650; 0.570, 0.741; 60.85%); however, no preschoolers collected. In addition, time spent significantly decreased by 23.2 min per day (95% −13.5, −32.9; 99.82%). Moreover, decrease QoL (SMD −0.894, −1.180, −0.609, &lt;0.001, 96.64%). there difference duration (MD 0.01 h day, −0.027, 0.225; 0.125; 98.48%). Conclusion During pandemic, less contributed to poor quality. increases are associated with reduced occurrences Implementing recovery plans address essential.

Язык: Английский

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Association between sleep duration and myopia among Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

The studies on the association between sleep duration and myopia are limited, evidence is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate myopia, cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) axial length (AL) among Chinese children during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. was a cross-sectional aged 6-18 years. comprehensive ophthalmic examinations for included SE, AL, standardized questionnaires. questionnaire duration, parental outdoor time, continuous near work without breaks. Myopia defined as SE ≤-0.50 diopters (D). A total of 1,140 were in analyses, with 84.7% myopic 74.4% children's daily being more than 8 h/d. In univariate regression analysis, compared < h/d, 8-9 >9 h/d less (p 0.01 all), had shorter AL all). After adjusting age, gender, breaks, not associated > 0.05 showed related COVID-19 pandemic-related lifestyles, but no independent association.

Язык: Английский

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Associations Between Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Mediation-Based Meta-Analysis

Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(4), С. 323 - 332

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Although 24-hour movement behaviors are known to be interconnected, limited knowledge exists about whether change in one behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (eg, increased screen time) was associated with another reduced physical activity or sleep). This review estimates mediational associations between changes children's activity, time, and sleep pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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