Trends in educational inequalities in all-course mortality and deaths of despair in Swedish youths 1990-2018

SSM - Population Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 29, С. 101748 - 101748

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Growing educational disparities in mortality due to suicide, drug overdose, or alcohol-related liver disease - "deaths of despair" (DoD) have received increased attention research and public debate. However, no study has investigated differences despair-related outside North America. Thus, the aim this was investigate changes association between academic achievement compulsory school subsequent all-cause (ACM) DoD 1990 2018 Swedish youths. Register data on all students graduating from Sweden 2010 were used (N = 2 252 938). Students followed for a maximum 8 years using discrete time proportional hazard models. Academic measured by grades at end school. ACM declined medium/high achieving but not low-achieving youths, while slightly markedly resulting growing achievement-related both types mortality. The trends primarily driven native-born youth girls. youths resemble American working-age population, partly contrasts with corresponding other European countries. Future should if underlying causes that been emphasized context socio-economic transformations greater supply drugs also contributed trends.

Язык: Английский

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US exceptionalism? International trends in midlife mortality

International Journal of Epidemiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Rising midlife mortality in the USA has raised concerns, particularly increase 'deaths of despair' (due to drugs, alcohol and suicide). Life expectancy is also stalling other countries such as UK, but how trends are evolving outside less understood. We provide a synthesis cause-specific (25-64 years age) for UK well high-income Central Eastern European (CEE) countries.

Язык: Английский

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“They’re Lacking Purpose. It’s a Recipe for Suicide.”: Masculinity and Gender-Based Inequalities in Deaths of Despair in England

American Journal of Men s Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

This qualitative study explores the factors contributing to gender-based inequalities in "deaths of despair" (DoD) - those deaths from suicide, drug overdoses, and alcohol-specific causes among men two deindustrialised towns North East England. Understanding disparities these death sheds important light on how social economic intersect with certain facets masculinity, such as stoicism self-reliance, drive vulnerability. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews one focus group 54 stakeholders people whose work is related DoD, mental health treatment public practice community members Middlesbrough South Tyneside, above average rates DoD. Participants included both women, predominantly middle-age or older, most participants unemployed retired. analysed using Iterative Categorisation, findings interpreted thematic analysis. The generated three key themes: industrial history masculinity class, a barrier help-seeking. demonstrate that decline following deindustrialisation resulted distress created unique risk for substance use self-harm men. These results suggest effective interventions reduce DoD post-industrial settings must avoid pathologising itself. Instead, strategies should broader structural forces undermine men's access stable, fulfilling employment offering forms support are compatible masculine identity. By addressing determinants, can more effectively close rate areas.

Язык: Английский

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Elite class self‐interest, socioeconomic inequality and U.S. population health

Sociology of Health & Illness, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(8), С. 1749 - 1771

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024

Abstract Class‐based perspectives on the persistent social gradients in health within modern welfare states largely focus adverse consequences of unfettered neoliberalism and entrenched meritocratic socioeconomic selection. Namely, neoliberal‐driven economic inequality has fuelled resentment stress among lower‐status groups, while these groups have become more homogeneous with regard to behaviours outcomes. We synthesise several sociological historical literatures argue that, addition class‐based explanations, may contribute due elite class self‐interest—in particular elites’ preferences for overdiagnosis, overprescription costly high‐technology medical treatments over disease prevention, increased tolerance regulatory capture. demonstrate that this self‐interest provides parsimonious explanations contemporary trends U.S. including (A) supply‐side factors drug‐related deaths, (B) longitudinal obesity chronic mortality (C) immigrant advantage. conclude theories usefully complement psychosocial effects selection answering recent calls research role advantaged play generating inequalities health, moves beyond technological determinism sociology.

Язык: Английский

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“They're not mentally ill, their lives are just shit”: Stakeholders' understanding of deaths of despair in a deindustrialised community in North East England

Health & Place, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 90, С. 103346 - 103346

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Why is life expectancy in England and Wales falling behind? A cause-of-death decomposition approach.

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2024

Life expectancy in England and Wales has diverged from its high-income peers since 2011, raising concerns that may become an international life laggard like the United States of America (USA). Using contour decomposition method, we decompose gaps male female between 20 individual countries 2019 into: (a) pre-existing differences age- cause-specific death rates 2011; (b) diverging trends these 2011–19. Focusing on mortality trends, find external causes at young-to-middle ages, cardiometabolic middle-to-older dementia older ages contributed most to gaps. Although there are parallels USA, is experiencing distinct trends. Whether entering a period more generalized stagnation will be important question monitor.

Язык: Английский

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Lifestyle and psychosocial associations with cognition at the cusp of midlife using twins and siblings

Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study investigates the relationship between cognitive functioning and 59 modifiable intrinsic factors at cusp of midlife. METHODS We analyzed data from 1221 participants in Colorado Adoption/Twin Study Lifespan behavioral development aging (CATSLife; M age = 33.20, %Female 52.74). assessed impact on using regularized regression co‐twin control models, controlling for earlier‐life gray matter volume. RESULTS Eight robust were identified, including education attainment, complexity, purpose‐in‐life, smoking status. Twins reporting higher levels complexity purpose‐in‐life showed better performance than their cotwin, while was negatively associated. Using meta‐analytically derived effect size threshold, we additionally identified that twins experiencing more financial difficulty tend to perform less well compared with cotwin. DISCUSSION The findings highlight early midlife link lifestyle/psychological factors, beyond prior performance, brain status, genetic familial confounders. Our results further potential established adulthood as a crucial window dementia prevention interventions targeting lifestyle psychosocial factors. Highlights Cog complexity(+), purpose‐in‐life(+) associated cognition Smoking(−) also Results consistent environmental confounds. Association EA might be mostly confounded.

Язык: Английский

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Intervention targets for reducing mortality between mid-adolescence and mid-adulthood: a protocol for a machine-learning facilitated systematic umbrella review

BMJ Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. e068733 - e068733

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023

Introduction A rise in premature mortality—defined here as death during the most productive years of life, between adolescence and middle adulthood (15–60 years)—is contributing to stalling life expectancy high-income countries. Causes mortality vary, but often include substance misuse, suicide, unintentional injury non-communicable disease. The development evidence-informed policy frameworks guide new approaches prevention require knowledge early targets for intervention, interactions higher level drivers. Here, we aim to: (1) identify systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focused on intervention (in which are causes that can, at least hypothetically, be modified reduce risk); (2) evaluate review quality risk bias; (3) compare each review’s, their relevant primary studies, findings existing evidence gaps. Methods analysis In May 2023, searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) peer-reviewed papers published English language 12 from 2012 2023 examined mortality. Screening will narrow these focus meta-analyses, papers. Our outcome is ages 15 60 years; potential measured prior death. MeaSurement Tool Assess Reviews (AMSTAR 2) used assess bias within included reviews. Results synthesised narratively due anticipated heterogeneity studies contained Ethics dissemination This synthesise reviewed meaning ethics committee approval not required. inform cross-cohort consortium development, a journal, presented national international conferences. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022355861.

Язык: Английский

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Do Robots Cause Deaths of Despair?

SSRN Electronic Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Add to My Library Share: Permalink Using these links will ensure access this page indefinitely Copy URL DOI

Язык: Английский

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Employment Wages and Diseases of Despair in Early Adulthood: Links Through Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Cumulative Stressor Exposure

SSM - Mental Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5, С. 100324 - 100324

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Rising mortality due to suicides, overdoses, and substance-related diseases, also called "deaths of despair," has attracted significant academic, public, media attention in recent years. This type mortality, key precursor "diseases despair" like depressive mood problems, tend concentrate people affected by deindustrialization the loss well-paid industrial jobs, that is, working-age adults with less than a BA degree. It is thought risks build up when young education struggle find decent jobs upon entering labor market, which turn triggers (1) subjective perceptions being stuck lower socioeconomic rungs; (2) exposure chronic stressors various domains (e.g., housing, relationships). study examined whether wages were related diseases despair (i.e., problems) through these two types processes longitudinal sample (N = 543) overrepresenting Canadian educational attainment followed from their mid-teens mid-20s. Psychological outcomes self-reported, whereas was assessed gold-standard interview-based protocol. After taking into account potential confounders measured adolescence stressor exposure, mental health symptoms), results show early adulthood (in mid-20s) indirectly associated depressed problems mid-20s, internal psychological external stressors. The specific play varied outcome. For mood, one's relative position emerged as particularly relevant, for indirect associations only both exposures considered jointly. Access offering good among without university degrees should thus be designing policies aimed at reducing younger generations.

Язык: Английский

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