An Emerging Storm? Increased Health Inequities in the Context of Racialized Patriarchal Capitalism, Deaths of Despair and Covid-19 DOI Open Access

Carles Muntaner,

Virginia Gunn, Seth J. Prins

et al.

Medical Research Archives, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

his article discusses the gradual increase in Deaths of Despair United States, followed by a reversal increased life expectancy trend for subset population. This phenomenon is examined context pronounced social and health inequities linked to globalization capitalism as well overall negative implications COVID-19 pandemic subsequent socio-economic crisis, all having potential further worsen US but also globally. The development effective actionable solutions requires an in-depth understanding root causes decrease population-level expectancy. While focusing on Death brings attention role class creation mortality rates, this approach should be part larger examination contributing factors. Scrutinizing impact other location factors such race, gender, age, sexual orientation identity, migration, citizenship status, along with their interaction equally important. Research approaches that allow stratification analyses population groups are needed facilitate better observed decreases Such require long-term ongoing investments research intentional collection indicators could reveal breadth depth pathways through which they lead rates various groups. sustained financial investment efforts required examine inform implementation protective policies reverse have bring societal dividends. An indirect outcome reduction adoption individuals populations regain trust institutions and, result, enhance active political participation voter turnout decreased radicalization.

Language: Английский

Trends in educational inequalities in all-course mortality and deaths of despair in Swedish youths 1990-2018 DOI Creative Commons
Björn Högberg, Simone Scarpa, Solveig Petersen

et al.

SSM - Population Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 101748 - 101748

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Growing educational disparities in mortality due to suicide, drug overdose, or alcohol-related liver disease - "deaths of despair" (DoD) have received increased attention research and public debate. However, no study has investigated differences despair-related outside North America. Thus, the aim this was investigate changes association between academic achievement compulsory school subsequent all-cause (ACM) DoD 1990 2018 Swedish youths. Register data on all students graduating from Sweden 2010 were used (N = 2 252 938). Students followed for a maximum 8 years using discrete time proportional hazard models. Academic measured by grades at end school. ACM declined medium/high achieving but not low-achieving youths, while slightly markedly resulting growing achievement-related both types mortality. The trends primarily driven native-born youth girls. youths resemble American working-age population, partly contrasts with corresponding other European countries. Future should if underlying causes that been emphasized context socio-economic transformations greater supply drugs also contributed trends.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
US exceptionalism? International trends in midlife mortality DOI Creative Commons
Jennifer B. Dowd,

Katarzyna Doniec,

Luyin Zhang

et al.

International Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(2)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Rising midlife mortality in the USA has raised concerns, particularly increase 'deaths of despair' (due to drugs, alcohol and suicide). Life expectancy is also stalling other countries such as UK, but how trends are evolving outside less understood. We provide a synthesis cause-specific (25-64 years age) for UK well high-income Central Eastern European (CEE) countries.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
“They’re Lacking Purpose. It’s a Recipe for Suicide.”: Masculinity and Gender-Based Inequalities in Deaths of Despair in England DOI Creative Commons
T. Price

American Journal of Men s Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

This qualitative study explores the factors contributing to gender-based inequalities in "deaths of despair" (DoD) - those deaths from suicide, drug overdoses, and alcohol-specific causes among men two deindustrialised towns North East England. Understanding disparities these death sheds important light on how social economic intersect with certain facets masculinity, such as stoicism self-reliance, drive vulnerability. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews one focus group 54 stakeholders people whose work is related DoD, mental health treatment public practice community members Middlesbrough South Tyneside, above average rates DoD. Participants included both women, predominantly middle-age or older, most participants unemployed retired. analysed using Iterative Categorisation, findings interpreted thematic analysis. The generated three key themes: industrial history masculinity class, a barrier help-seeking. demonstrate that decline following deindustrialisation resulted distress created unique risk for substance use self-harm men. These results suggest effective interventions reduce DoD post-industrial settings must avoid pathologising itself. Instead, strategies should broader structural forces undermine men's access stable, fulfilling employment offering forms support are compatible masculine identity. By addressing determinants, can more effectively close rate areas.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Elite class self‐interest, socioeconomic inequality and U.S. population health DOI Creative Commons
Gabe Ignatow, Iliya Gutin

Sociology of Health & Illness, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 1749 - 1771

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract Class‐based perspectives on the persistent social gradients in health within modern welfare states largely focus adverse consequences of unfettered neoliberalism and entrenched meritocratic socioeconomic selection. Namely, neoliberal‐driven economic inequality has fuelled resentment stress among lower‐status groups, while these groups have become more homogeneous with regard to behaviours outcomes. We synthesise several sociological historical literatures argue that, addition class‐based explanations, may contribute due elite class self‐interest—in particular elites’ preferences for overdiagnosis, overprescription costly high‐technology medical treatments over disease prevention, increased tolerance regulatory capture. demonstrate that this self‐interest provides parsimonious explanations contemporary trends U.S. including (A) supply‐side factors drug‐related deaths, (B) longitudinal obesity chronic mortality (C) immigrant advantage. conclude theories usefully complement psychosocial effects selection answering recent calls research role advantaged play generating inequalities health, moves beyond technological determinism sociology.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
“They're not mentally ill, their lives are just shit”: Stakeholders' understanding of deaths of despair in a deindustrialised community in North East England DOI Creative Commons

Timothy Price,

Victoria J McGowan,

Shelina Vishram

et al.

Health & Place, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 103346 - 103346

Published: Sept. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Why is life expectancy in England and Wales falling behind? A cause-of-death decomposition approach. DOI Open Access
Antonino Polizzi, Andrea M. Tilstra, Luyin Zhang

et al.

Published: June 8, 2024

Life expectancy in England and Wales has diverged from its high-income peers since 2011, raising concerns that may become an international life laggard like the United States of America (USA). Using contour decomposition method, we decompose gaps male female between 20 individual countries 2019 into: (a) pre-existing differences age- cause-specific death rates 2011; (b) diverging trends these 2011–19. Focusing on mortality trends, find external causes at young-to-middle ages, cardiometabolic middle-to-older dementia older ages contributed most to gaps. Although there are parallels USA, is experiencing distinct trends. Whether entering a period more generalized stagnation will be important question monitor.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Lifestyle and psychosocial associations with cognition at the cusp of midlife using twins and siblings DOI Creative Commons
Anqing Zheng, Naomi P. Friedman,

Daniel E. Gustavson

et al.

Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study investigates the relationship between cognitive functioning and 59 modifiable intrinsic factors at cusp of midlife. METHODS We analyzed data from 1221 participants in Colorado Adoption/Twin Study Lifespan behavioral development aging (CATSLife; M age = 33.20, %Female 52.74). assessed impact on using regularized regression co‐twin control models, controlling for earlier‐life gray matter volume. RESULTS Eight robust were identified, including education attainment, complexity, purpose‐in‐life, smoking status. Twins reporting higher levels complexity purpose‐in‐life showed better performance than their cotwin, while was negatively associated. Using meta‐analytically derived effect size threshold, we additionally identified that twins experiencing more financial difficulty tend to perform less well compared with cotwin. DISCUSSION The findings highlight early midlife link lifestyle/psychological factors, beyond prior performance, brain status, genetic familial confounders. Our results further potential established adulthood as a crucial window dementia prevention interventions targeting lifestyle psychosocial factors. Highlights Cog complexity(+), purpose‐in‐life(+) associated cognition Smoking(−) also Results consistent environmental confounds. Association EA might be mostly confounded.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Intervention targets for reducing mortality between mid-adolescence and mid-adulthood: a protocol for a machine-learning facilitated systematic umbrella review DOI Creative Commons
Jessica A. Kerr, Alanna N. Gillespie, Meredith O’Connor

et al.

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. e068733 - e068733

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Introduction A rise in premature mortality—defined here as death during the most productive years of life, between adolescence and middle adulthood (15–60 years)—is contributing to stalling life expectancy high-income countries. Causes mortality vary, but often include substance misuse, suicide, unintentional injury non-communicable disease. The development evidence-informed policy frameworks guide new approaches prevention require knowledge early targets for intervention, interactions higher level drivers. Here, we aim to: (1) identify systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focused on intervention (in which are causes that can, at least hypothetically, be modified reduce risk); (2) evaluate review quality risk bias; (3) compare each review’s, their relevant primary studies, findings existing evidence gaps. Methods analysis In May 2023, searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) peer-reviewed papers published English language 12 from 2012 2023 examined mortality. Screening will narrow these focus meta-analyses, papers. Our outcome is ages 15 60 years; potential measured prior death. MeaSurement Tool Assess Reviews (AMSTAR 2) used assess bias within included reviews. Results synthesised narratively due anticipated heterogeneity studies contained Ethics dissemination This synthesise reviewed meaning ethics committee approval not required. inform cross-cohort consortium development, a journal, presented national international conferences. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022355861.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Do Robots Cause Deaths of Despair? DOI

Abhilash Mishra,

Sharon Nafuna,

Essosolim Apollinaire

et al.

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Add to My Library Share: Permalink Using these links will ensure access this page indefinitely Copy URL DOI

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Employment Wages and Diseases of Despair in Early Adulthood: Links Through Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Cumulative Stressor Exposure DOI Creative Commons
Véronique Dupéré, Nancy Beauregard, Mathieu Pelletier‐Dumas

et al.

SSM - Mental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100324 - 100324

Published: May 20, 2024

Rising mortality due to suicides, overdoses, and substance-related diseases, also called "deaths of despair," has attracted significant academic, public, media attention in recent years. This type mortality, key precursor "diseases despair" like depressive mood problems, tend concentrate people affected by deindustrialization the loss well-paid industrial jobs, that is, working-age adults with less than a BA degree. It is thought risks build up when young education struggle find decent jobs upon entering labor market, which turn triggers (1) subjective perceptions being stuck lower socioeconomic rungs; (2) exposure chronic stressors various domains (e.g., housing, relationships). study examined whether wages were related diseases despair (i.e., problems) through these two types processes longitudinal sample (N = 543) overrepresenting Canadian educational attainment followed from their mid-teens mid-20s. Psychological outcomes self-reported, whereas was assessed gold-standard interview-based protocol. After taking into account potential confounders measured adolescence stressor exposure, mental health symptoms), results show early adulthood (in mid-20s) indirectly associated depressed problems mid-20s, internal psychological external stressors. The specific play varied outcome. For mood, one's relative position emerged as particularly relevant, for indirect associations only both exposures considered jointly. Access offering good among without university degrees should thus be designing policies aimed at reducing younger generations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0