Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
48(8), С. 1155 - 1163
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2022
Abstract
ADHD
is
a
highly
prevalent
neurodevelopmental
disorder.
The
first-line
therapeutic
for
ADHD,
methylphenidate,
can
cause
serious
side
effects
including
weight
loss,
insomnia,
and
hypertension.
Therefore,
the
development
of
non-stimulant-based
therapeutics
has
been
prioritized.
However,
many
these
also
other
effects,
most
notably
somnolence.
Here,
we
have
used
uniquely
powerful
genetic
model
unbiased
drug
screen
to
identify
novel
non-stimulant
therapeutics.
We
first
found
that
adgrl3.1
null
(
−/−
)
zebrafish
larvae
showed
robust
hyperactive
phenotype.
Although
hyperactivity
was
rescued
by
three
therapeutics,
all
interfered
significantly
with
sleep.
Second,
wild-type
characterize
simple
behavioral
phenotype
generated
atomoxetine
screened
1200
compound
Prestwick
Chemical
Library®
matching
profile
resulting
in
67
hits.
These
hits
were
re-assayed
.
Using
previously
identified
non-stimulants
as
positive
control,
four
compounds
matched
effect
atomoxetine:
aceclofenac,
amlodipine,
doxazosin,
moxonidine.
additionally
demonstrated
cognitive
moxonidine
mice
using
T-maze
spontaneous
alternation
task.
Moxonidine,
high
affinity
imidazoline
1
receptors.
We,
therefore,
assayed
pure
agonist,
LNP599,
which
an
closely
suggesting
role
this
receptor
system
ADHD.
In
summary,
introduce
five
putative
findings
offer
tool
understanding
neural
circuits
suggest
mechanism
its
etiology,
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
63(4), С. 484 - 496
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2021
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
–
and
its
underlying
behavioral
dimensions
of
inattention
hyperactivity–impulsivity
have
been
understudied
in
females.
We
first
cover
the
conceptual
issues
prevalence,
diagnostic
practices,
diversity,
comorbidity,
causal
factors,
plus
forces
limiting
awareness
ADHD
After
a
narrative
review
cross‐sectional
longitudinal
findings,
we
conclude
following.
(a)
Girls
meet
criteria
for
at
just
under
half
rates
boys,
ratio
that
becomes
much
closer
to
equal
by
adulthood.
(b)
women
with
show
predominance
associated
internalizing
problems;
boys
men
display
greater
levels
hyperactive–impulsive
symptoms
externalizing
problems.
(c)
Sex
differences
related
outcomes
depend
heavily
on
clinical
versus
nonreferred
nature
samples
investigation.
(d)
Females
experience,
average,
serious
impairments,
particularly
heightened
risk
problems
close
relationships
engagement
self‐harm.
(e)
Clinicians
may
overlook
impairments
females
because
less
overt
(but
still
impairing)
symptom
manifestations
girls
their
frequent
adoption
compensatory
strategies.
Our
predictors
mediators
adult
highlights
potential
heterotypically
continuous
pathways
childhood
developmental
progressions
self‐harm,
intimate
partner
violence,
unplanned
pregnancy,
comorbid
psychopathology.
Focusing
is
necessary
characterize
maintaining
mechanisms
accuracy
foster
responsive
interventions,
as
highlighted
our
closing
list
implications
research
priorities.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
64(4), С. 506 - 532
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2022
The
science
of
attention‐deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
is
motivated
by
a
translational
goal
–
the
discovery
and
exploitation
knowledge
about
nature
ADHD
to
benefit
those
individuals
whose
lives
it
affects.
Over
past
fifty
years,
scientific
research
has
made
enormous
strides
in
characterizing
condition
understanding
its
correlates
causes.
However,
translation
these
insights
into
clinical
benefits
been
limited.
In
this
review,
we
provide
selective
focused
survey
field
ADHD,
providing
our
personal
perspectives
on
what
constitutes
consensus,
important
new
leads
be
highlighted,
key
outstanding
questions
addressed
going
forward.
We
cover
two
broad
domains
characterization
and,
risk
factors,
causal
processes
neuro‐biological
pathways
.
Part
one
focuses
developmental
course
co‐occurring
characteristics
conditions,
functional
impact
living
with
including
impairment,
quality
life,
stigma.
part
two,
explore
genetic
environmental
influences
putative
mediating
brain
processes.
final
section,
reflect
future
construct
light
cross‐cutting
themes
recent
conceptual
reformulations
that
cast
traits
as
broader
spectrum
neurodivergence.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
132(3), С. 297 - 313
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023
Psychopathology
emerges
from
the
dynamic
interplay
of
physiological
and
mental
processes
ecological
context.
It
can
be
seen
as
a
failure
recursive,
homeostatic
to
achieve
adaptive
re-equilibrium.
This
general
statement
actualized
with
consideration
polygenic
liability,
early
exposures,
multiunit
(multi-"level")
analysis
psychological
action
associated
neural
operations,
all
in
context
developmental
exposome.
article
begins
by
identifying
key
principles
clarifying
terms
necessary
disorder
theory.
then
ventures
sketch
model
that
highlights
epigenetic
dynamics
proposes
common
pathways
hypothesis
toward
psychopathology.
An
perspective
elevates
importance
systems,
particularly
life,
while
opening
door
new
mechanistic
discovery.
The
proposal
is
finite
number
biological
mechanisms
are
shared
across
most
risky
environments
(and
possibly
many
genetic
liabilities)
for
Perturbation
these
mediating
leads
development
A
focus
on
changes
multiple
units
time
points
render
problem
explaining
psychopathology
tractable.
Key
questions
include
mapping
recursive
over
time,
at
adequate
density,
disorders
unfold
development.
(PsycInfo
Database
Record
(c)
2023
APA,
rights
reserved).
World Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
23(3), С. 333 - 357
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024
Features
of
autism
spectrum
disorder,
attention‐deficit/hyperactivity
learning
disorders,
intellectual
disabilities,
and
communication
motor
disorders
usually
emerge
early
in
life
are
associated
with
atypical
neurodevelopment.
These
“neurodevelopmental
conditions”
grouped
together
the
DSM‐5
ICD‐11
to
reflect
their
shared
characteristics.
Yet,
reliance
on
categorical
diagnoses
poses
significant
challenges
both
research
clinical
settings
(e.g.,
high
co‐occurrence,
arbitrary
diagnostic
boundaries,
within‐disorder
heterogeneity).
Taking
a
transdiagnostic
dimensional
approach
provides
useful
alternative
for
addressing
these
limitations,
accounting
underpinnings
across
neurodevelopmental
conditions,
characterizing
common
co‐occurrence
developmental
continuity
other
psychiatric
conditions.
Neurodevelopmental
features
have
not
been
adequately
considered
frameworks,
although
this
would
fundamental
implications
practices.
Growing
evidence
from
studies
structure
conditions
indicates
that
cluster
together,
delineating
spectrum”
ranging
normative
impairing
profiles.
Studies
genetic
underpinnings,
overlapping
cognitive
neural
profiles,
similar
course
efficacy
support/treatment
strategies
indicate
validity
spectrum.
Further,
alongside
dimensions
has
utility,
as
it
fuller
view
an
individual's
needs
strengths,
greater
prognostic
utility
than
categories.
Based
compelling
body
evidence,
we
argue
incorporating
new
into
frameworks
considerable
potential
transforming
our
understanding,
classification,
assessment,
practices
around
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Март 8, 2025
Abstract
This
study
investigates
the
neural
underpinnings
of
cognitive
control
deficits
in
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD),
focusing
on
trial-level
variability
coding.
Using
fMRI,
we
apply
a
computational
approach
to
single-trial
decoding
cued
stop-signal
task,
probing
proactive
and
reactive
within
dual
model.
Reactive
involves
suppressing
an
automatic
response
when
interference
is
detected,
implementing
preparatory
strategies
based
prior
information.
In
contrast
typically
developing
children
(TD),
with
ADHD
show
disrupted
coding
during
both
control,
characterized
by
increased
temporal
diminished
spatial
stability
responses
salience
frontal-parietal
network
regions.
correlates
fluctuating
task
performance
symptoms.
Additionally,
exhibit
more
heterogeneous
patterns
across
individuals
compared
TD
children.
Our
findings
underscore
significance
modeling
trial-wise
understanding
ADHD.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
43(4), С. 340 - 351
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021
Introduction
Adult
Attention
Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder
(ADHD)
is
prone
to
misdiagnosis
because
its
symptoms
are
subjective,
share
features
with
a
broad
range
of
mental,
behavioral
and
physical
disorders,
express
themselves
heterogeneously.
Furthermore,
Diagnostic
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders
(DSM)
criteria
for
adult
ADHD
diagnosis
remain
underdeveloped,
prompting
need
systematic
empirically-informed
guidelines.Method
This
article
presents
brief
history
research
on
reviews
common
sources
false
positive
negative
diagnoses.
A
systematic,
stepped
diagnostic
procedure
described
that
adheres
DSM
guidelines
integrates
the
latest
science
assessment
diagnosis.Results
Seven
steps
recommended:
structured
interview
patient,
collection
informant
ratings,
casting
wide
net
using
"or
rule"
integrate
reports,
providing
checks
balances
by
enforcing
impairment
criterion,
chronicling
symptom
timeline,
ruling
out
alternative
explanations
symptoms,
finalizing
diagnosis.Conclusions
Based
extant
research,
it
expected
will
increase
detection
malingering,
improve
accuracy,
detect
non-ADHD
cases
subclinical
difficulties
or
pathologies.
