Global water scarcity including surface water quality and expansions of clean water technologies

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(2), С. 024020 - 024020

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2021

Abstract Water scarcity threatens people in various regions, and has predominantly been studied from a water quantity perspective only. Here we show that global is driven by both quality issues, quantify expansions clean technologies (i.e. desalination treated wastewater reuse) to ‘reduce the number of suffering scarcity’ as urgently required UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6. Including temperature, salinity, organic pollution nutrients) contributes an increase percentage world’s population currently severe annual average 30% (22%–35% monthly range; only) 40% (31%–46%; quality). impacts are particular high such eastern China India. In these excessive sectoral withdrawals do not only contribute perspective, but polluted return flows degrade quality, exacerbating scarcity. We expanding (from 2.9 13.6 billion m 3 month −1 ) uses 1.6 4.0 can strongly reduce levels affected, especially Asia, although side effects (e.g. brine, energy demand, economic costs) must be considered. The presented results have potential for follow-up integrated analyses accounting technical constraints reuse across world.

Язык: Английский

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Global groundwater wells at risk of running dry

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 372(6540), С. 418 - 421

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2021

When your well runs dry Groundwater provides nearly half of the water used for agricultural irrigation and most drinking billions people. It is essential, then, this resource to remain secure. Jasechko Perrone examined data from approximately 39 million wells in 40 countries worldwide investigate their vulnerability declining levels (see Perspective by Famiglietti Ferguson). The authors found that construction deeper not occurring some areas are experiencing groundwater decline, a disconnect poses risks people who rely on water. Science , issue p. 418 ; see also 344

Язык: Английский

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Global Groundwater Modeling and Monitoring: Opportunities and Challenges

Water Resources Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 57(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Abstract Groundwater is by far the largest unfrozen freshwater resource on planet. It plays a critical role as bottom of hydrologic cycle, redistributing water in subsurface and supporting plants surface bodies. However, groundwater has historically been excluded or greatly simplified global models. In recent years, there an international push to develop scale modeling analysis. This progress provided some first steps. Still, much additional work will be needed achieve consistent framework that interacts seamlessly with observational datasets other earth system circulation Here we outline vision for platform monitoring prediction identify key technological data challenges are currently limiting progress. Any this type must interdisciplinary cannot achieved community isolation. Therefore, also provide high‐level overview system, approaches current state representations, such readers all backgrounds can engage challenge.

Язык: Английский

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Groundwater sustainability: a review of the interactions between science and policy

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(9), С. 093004 - 093004

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2020

Concerns over groundwater depletion and ecosystem degradation have led to the incorporation of concept sustainability as a policy instrument in several water codes management directives worldwide. Because sustainable is embedded within integrated, co-evolving hydrological, ecological, socioeconomic systems, implementing such policies remains challenge for managers scientific community. The problem further exacerbated when participatory processes are lacking, resulting communication gap among authorities, scientists, broader This paper provides systematic review sustainability, situates this calls from hydrologic literature more integrated approaches security. We discuss definition both perspective, tracing evolution safe yield, management. focus on diversity societal values related typology aquifer performance governance factors. In addition, we systematically main components an effective evaluation policy, which multi-process modeling, uncertainty analysis, participation. conclude that implementation requires iterative (i) engages stakeholders process through collaborative modeling social learning; (ii) improved understanding coevolving scenarios between surface water-groundwater ecosystems, human activities; (iii) acknowledges addresses our knowledge preferences using multi-model analysis adaptive Although development transdisciplinary research approach, connects science, practice evaluation, still its infancy worldwide, find towards growing at much faster rate than whole.

Язык: Английский

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Mapping groundwater recharge in Africa from ground observations and implications for water security

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(3), С. 034012 - 034012

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2021

Abstract Groundwater forms the basis of water supplies across much Africa and its development is rising as demand for secure increases. Recharge rates are a key component assessing groundwater potential, but have not been mapped Africa, other than from global models. Here we quantify long-term average (LTA) distributed recharge period 1970–2019 134 ground-based estimates upscaled statistically. Natural diffuse local focussed recharge, where this mechanism widespread, included discrete leakage large rivers, lakes or irrigation excluded. We find that measurable LTA found in most environments with decadal depths arid semi-arid areas 60 mm (30–140 mm) 200 (90–430 respectively. A linear mixed model shows at scale African continent only rainfall related to recharge—the inclusion climate terrestrial factors do improve model. Kriging methods indicate spatial dependency 900 km suggesting important scales. estimate 15 000 3 (4900–45 ), approximately 2% estimated storage continent, characterised by stark variability between high-storage/low-recharge sedimentary aquifers North low-storage/high-recharge weathered crystalline-rock tropical Africa. security greatly enhanced distribution, many countries low possess substantial storage, whereas experience high, regular recharge. The dataset provides first, approximation renewability can be used refine validate continental hydrological models while also providing baseline against future change.

Язык: Английский

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The changing nature of groundwater in the global water cycle

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6686)

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

In recent decades, climate change and other anthropogenic activities have substantially affected groundwater systems worldwide. These impacts include changes in recharge, discharge, flow, storage, distribution. Climate-induced shifts are evident altered recharge rates, greater contribution to streamflow glacierized catchments, enhanced flow permafrost areas. Direct withdrawal injection, regional regime modification, water table storage alterations, redistribution of embedded foods globally. Notably, extraction contributes sea level rise, increasing the risk inundation coastal The role global cycle is becoming more dynamic complex. Quantifying these essential ensure sustainable supply fresh resources for people ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Global Recharge Data Set Indicates Strengthened Groundwater Connection to Surface Fluxes

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(23)

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022

Abstract Groundwater is an invaluable global resource, but its long‐term viability as a resource for consumption, agriculture, and ecosystems depends on precipitation recharging aquifers. How much recharges groundwaters varies enormously across Earth's surface, yet recharge rates often remain uncertain. Here we use synthesis of field‐estimated six continents to show that globally first‐order follows simple function climatic aridity. We this relationship estimate in energy‐limited systems outside permafrost regions. Our aridity‐based estimates are consistent with the field data but, average, double previous models. higher likely caused by preferential groundwater discharge occurring at grid scales finer than The suggest more contributes evapotranspiration streamflow previously represented hydrological models water cycle diagrams.

Язык: Английский

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Developing a novel tool for assessing the groundwater incorporating water quality index and machine learning approach

Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23, С. 101049 - 101049

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Groundwater plays a pivotal role as global source of drinking water. To meet sustainable development goals, it is crucial to consistently monitor and manage groundwater quality. Despite its significance, there are currently no specific tools available for assessing trace/heavy metal contamination in groundwater. Addressing this gap, our research introduces an innovative approach: the Quality Index (GWQI) model, developed tested Savar sub-district Bangladesh. The GWQI model integrates ten water quality indicators, including six heavy metals, collected from 38 sampling sites study area. enhance precision assessment, employed established machine learning (ML) techniques, evaluating model's performance based on factors such uncertainty, sensitivity, reliability. A major advancement incorporation metals into framework index model. best authors knowledge, marks first initiative develop encompassing heavy/trace elements. Findings assessment revealed that area ranged 'good' 'fair,' indicating most indicators met standard limits set by Bangladesh government World Health Organization. In predicting scores, artificial neural networks (ANN) outperformed other ML models. Performance metrics, root mean square error (RMSE), (MSE), absolute (MAE) training (RMSE = 0.361; MSE 0.131; MAE 0.262), testing 0.001; 0.00; 0.001), prediction evaluation statistics (PBIAS 0.000), demonstrated superior effectiveness ANN. Moreover, exhibited high sensitivity (R2 1.0) low uncertainty (less than 2%) rating These results affirm reliability novel monitoring management, especially regarding metals.

Язык: Английский

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Perspectives of compound-specific isotope analysis of organic contaminants for assessing environmental fate and managing chemical pollution

Nature Water, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(1), С. 14 - 30

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Groundwater recharge is sensitive to changing long-term aridity

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4), С. 357 - 363

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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