Assisted Gene Flow to Facilitate Local Adaptation to Climate Change

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 44(1), С. 367 - 388

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2013

Assisted gene flow (AGF) between populations has the potential to mitigate maladaptation due climate change. However, AGF may cause outbreeding depression (especially if source and recipient have been long isolated) disrupt local adaptation nonclimatic factors. Selection should eliminate extrinsic adaptive differences in large populations, simulations suggest that, within a few generations, evolution resolve mild intrinsic epistasis. To weigh risks of against those change, we need know species' extent other environmental factors, as well its pattern flow. be powerful tool for managing foundation resource-producing species with broad ranges that show signs historical climatic conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Direct and indirect effects of climate change on soil microbial and soil microbial‐plant interactions: What lies ahead?

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 6(8), С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2015

Global change is altering species distributions and thus interactions among organisms. Organisms live in concert with thousands of other species, some beneficial, pathogenic, which have little to no effect complex communities. Since natural communities are composed organisms very different life history traits dispersal ability it unlikely they will all respond climatic a similar way. Disjuncts plant‐pollinator plant‐herbivore under global been relatively well described, but plant‐soil microorganism soil microbe‐microbe relationships received less attention. microorganisms regulate nutrient transformations, provide plants nutrients, allow co‐existence neighbors, control plant populations, changes microorganism‐plant could significant ramifications for community composition ecosystem function. In this paper we explore how affects microbes microbe‐plant directly indirectly, discuss what see as emerging exciting questions areas future research, these may on the function ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Where, when and how plant–soil feedback matters in a changing world

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 30(7), С. 1109 - 1121

Опубликована: Март 19, 2016

Summary It is increasingly acknowledged that plant–soil feedbacks may play an important role in driving the composition of plant communities and functioning terrestrial ecosystems. However, mechanistic understanding feedbacks, as well their roles natural ecosystems proportion to other possible drivers, still its infancy. Such knowledge will enhance our capacity determine contribution feedback community ecosystem responses under global environmental change. Here, we review how develop extreme drought precipitation events, CO 2 nitrogen enrichment, temperature increase, land use change species loss vs. gain. We present a framework for opening ‘black box soil’ considering various biotic components (enemies, symbionts decomposers) changes, discuss integrate these understand predict net effects scenarios To gain plays out realistic settings, also interaction with drivers composition, including competition, facilitation, herbivory, soil physical chemical properties. conclude shaping processes changes requires unravelling individual contributions enemies, decomposers. These factors show different response rates strengths, thereby resulting magnitudes directions need tests more conditions patterns field, both at ecologically evolutionary relevant time‐scales.

Язык: Английский

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Soil microbiome: a key player for conservation of soil health under changing climate

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 28(8-9), С. 2405 - 2429

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article

Agriculture & Food Security, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2021

Abstract Climate change is happening due to natural factors and human activities. It expressively alters biodiversity, agricultural production, food security. Mainly, narrowly adapted endemic species are under extinction. Accordingly, concerns over extinction warranted as it provides for all life forms primary health care more than 60–80% of humans globally. Nevertheless, the impact climate on biodiversity security has been recognized, little explored compared magnitude problem Therefore, objectives this review identify, appraise, synthesize link between change, Data, climatic models, emission, migration, scenarios, outputs from previous publications were used. Due distributions have shifted higher elevations at a median rate 11.0 m 16.9 km per decade latitudes. rates 1103 migration provide 21–23% with unlimited 38–52% no migration. When an environmental variation occurs timescale shorter plant any response could be in terms plastic phenotype. However, phenotypic plasticity buffer against long-term effects change. Furthermore, affects particularly communities locations that depend rain-fed agriculture. Crops plants thresholds beyond which growth yield compromised. yields Africa alone decline by 30% 2050. solving shortages through bringing extra land into agriculture exploiting new fish stocks costly solution, when protecting given priority. mitigating waste, compensating food-insecure people conserving effective use genetic resources, traditional ecological knowledge decrease further loss, meet scenarios. achieving such scenario requires strong policies, releasing high-yielding stress resistant varieties, developing resilient irrigation structures, degraded restoration, changes, bio-energy, sustainable forest management, community based conservation recommended mitigate impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal symbionts alter plant responses to global change

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 100(7), С. 1445 - 1457

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2013

While direct plant responses to global change have been well characterized, indirect change, via altered species interactions, received less attention. Here, we examined how plants associated with four classes of fungal symbionts (class I leaf endophytes [EF], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF], ectomycorrhizal [ECM], and dark septate [DSE]) responded factors (enriched CO 2 , drought, N deposition, warming). We performed a meta‐analysis 434 studies spanning 174 publications search for generalizable trends in plant–fungal symbioses future environments. Specifically, addressed the following questions: (1) Can ameliorate change? (2) Do symbiont groups differ degree which they modify response (3) particular affect more than others? In all scenarios, except elevated significantly change. most cases, increased biomass However, deposition reduced benefits symbiosis. Of considered, drought resulted strongest mediation responses. Our analysis highlighted gaps current knowledge revealed importance considering not only nonadditive effects multiple factors, but also interactive symbioses. results show that is critical predicting ecosystem

Язык: Английский

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Hierarchical responses of plant–soil interactions to climate change: consequences for the global carbon cycle

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 101(2), С. 334 - 343

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2013

Summary Interactions between plant and soil communities play a major role in determining the impact of climate change on ecosystem functioning carbon cycle, mechanisms involved operate over wide range spatial temporal scales. We present framework for understanding consequences climate‐induced changes plant–soil feedback cycle. The describes hierarchy by which dynamics at three levels response, namely individual community reordering species immigration loss. For each level, we identify impacts interactions with also demonstrate that potential decoupling increases across being greatest and/or loss, example, if plants were to undergo biome shift, but their associated did not. Such is largely unrecognized, potentially important regulator future global Synthesis . presented here highlights need new approach study cycling integrates this responses, incorporates above‐ground below‐ground networks, scales, ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Regional-Scale In-Depth Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity Reveals Strong pH and Plant Species Effects in Northern Europe

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2020

Soil microbiome has a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, yet little is known about its build-up from local to regional scales. In multi-year regional-scale survey involving 1251 plots and long-read third-generation sequencing, we found that soil pH the strongest effect on diversity of fungi multiple taxonomic functional groups. The effects were typically unimodal, usually both direct indirect through tree species, nutrients or mold abundance. Individual particularly Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Populus x wettsteinii, overall ectomycorrhizal plant proportion had relatively stronger biotrophic than saprotrophic fungi. We strong temporal sampling investigator biases for abundance molds, but generally all spatial, microclimatic weak. Richness several groups was highest woodlands around ruins buildings lowest bogs, with marked group-specific trends. contrast our expectations, tended be higher forest island habitats potentially due edge effect, fungal richness declined distance response fragmentation. Virgin forests supported somewhat old non-pristine forests, there no differences between natural anthropogenic such as parks coppiced gardens. Diversity most suffered management seminatural thinning especially results depended group time since partial harvesting. conclude positive represent combined niche properties intimate associations.

Язык: Английский

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Contrasting responses of above- and belowground diversity to multiple components of land-use intensity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2021

Abstract Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. However, understanding how different components land use drive loss requires the investigation multiple trophic levels across spatial scales. Using data from 150 agricultural grasslands in central Europe, we assess influence local- and landscape-level on more than 4,000 above- belowground taxa, spanning 20 groups. Plot-level land-use intensity strongly negatively associated with aboveground groups, but positively or not Meanwhile, both groups respond to use, drivers: diversity promoted by diverse surrounding land-cover, while related high permanent forest cover landscape. These results highlight role shaping communities, suggest that revised agroecosystem management strategies are needed conserve whole-ecosystem biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Язык: Английский

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