PeerJ,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
5, С. e4179 - e4179
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2017
Background
Pesticide
application
is
the
dominant
control
method
for
arthropod
pests
in
broad-acre
arable
systems.
In
Australia,
organophosphate
pesticides
are
often
applied
either
prophylactically,
or
reactively,
including
at
higher
concentrations,
to
crop
establishment
such
as
false
wireworms
and
earth
mite
species.
Organophosphates
reported
be
disruptive
beneficial
species,
natural
enemies,
but
this
has
not
been
widely
assessed
Australian
Neither
risk
that
secondary
outbreaks
may
occur
if
enemy
community
composition
function
altered.
Methods
We
examine
abundance
of
ground-dwelling
invertebrate
communities
an
field
over
successive
seasons
under
rotation;
barley,
two
years
wheat,
then
canola.
Two
organophosphates
(chlorpyrifos
methidathion)
were
initially
recommended
rates.
After
no
discernible
impact
on
target
pest
rate
chlorpyrifos
was
doubled
elicit
a
definitive
response
level
used
when
seedling
damage
observed.
Invertebrates
sampled
using
pitfalls
refuge
traps
throughout
experiments.
measures
diversity,
principal
curves
multiple
generalised
linear
modelling
techniques
understand
changes
communities.
Results
There
large
variability
due
seasonality
type.
Nevertheless,
both
(e.g.,
mites
aphids)
predatory
beetles)
significantly
affected
by
organophosphates.
When
increased
there
reduction
number
beetles
predate
slug
populations.
Slugs
displayed
opposite
trends
many
other
pests,
actually
numbers
rates
comparison
treatments.
Slug
final
rotation
canola
resulted
significant
yield
loss
regardless
pesticide
application.
Discussion
cost-effective
tool
emergent
systems
Australia.
found
risks
associated
with
prophylactic
fields
between
different
types
enemy.
Disrupting
key
predators
reduced
effective
suppression
slugs,
lead
rotating
susceptible
crops
Such
non-target
impacts
rarely
documented
studies
focus
single-species,
rather
than
assessments.
This
study
represents
single
demonstration
how
can
reinforces
need
include
longer
temporal
component
process
further.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
116(34), С. 16817 - 16822
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2019
Significance
The
use
of
insecticides
in
agriculture
is
one
the
suggested
causes
decline
insect
populations.
Neonicotinoids
are
among
most
widely
used
insecticides.
However,
they
have
important
negative
side
effects,
especially
for
pollinators
and
other
beneficial
insects
feeding
on
floral
nectar
pollen.
We
identified
an
exposure
route:
reach
kill
when
feed
abundant
carbohydrate
source
agroecosystems,
honeydew.
Honeydew
excretion
product
phloem-feeding
hemipteran
such
as
aphids,
mealybugs,
whiteflies,
or
psyllids.
This
route
likely
to
affect
a
much
wider
range
crops
than
contaminated
nectar.
Therefore,
it
should
be
included
future
environmental
risk
assessments
neonicotinoids.
Insects,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(7), С. 590 - 590
Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2021
The
selective
application
of
insecticides
is
one
the
cornerstones
integrated
pest
management
(IPM)
and
strategies
for
resistance
to
insecticides.
present
work
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
traditional
new
methods
gas,
liquid,
gel,
solid
physical
insecticide
formulations
control
stored-product
food
industry
urban
pests
from
taxa
Acarina,
Blattodea,
Coleoptera,
Diptera,
Hymenoptera,
Lepidoptera,
Psocoptera,
Zygentoma.
Various
definitions
concepts
historically
currently
used
various
pesticide
are
also
described.
This
review
demonstrates
that
technological
advances
have
sparked
renewed
research
interest
in
optimization
conventional
such
as
aerosols,
sprays,
fumigants,
inert
gases.
Insect
growth
regulators/disruptors
(IGRs/IGDs)
increasingly
employed
baits,
residual
treatments,
spray-residual
protectants
long-term
stored-grain
protection.
Insecticide-impregnated
hypoxic
multilayer
bags
been
proven
be
most
promising
low-cost
safe
hermetic
grain
storage
developing
countries.
netting
baits
were
originally
developed
urban/medical
recognized
an
innovative
technology
protection
stored
commodities.
New
biodegradable
acaricide
gel
coatings
nets
suggested
ham
meat.
Tablets
satchels
represent
approach
botanicals.
Many
emerging
technologies
can
found
form
impregnated
protective
packaging
(insect
(IGRs/IGDs),
natural
repellents),
pheromone-based
attracticides,
electrostatic
dust
or
nanoparticles,
edible
artificial
sweeteners,
hydrogels,
with
synthetic
attractants,
encapsulations
active
ingredients,
cyanogenic
coatings.
Smart
based
on
RNA-based
gene
silencing
compounds
incorporated
into
stand
at
forefront
current
strategic
research.
Inert
gases
(diatomaceous
earth)
positive
examples
alternatives
products,
which
their
integration
other
proposed
implemented
practice.
Although
many
laboratory
studies
conducted
biological
activity
botanical
insecticides,
published
demonstrating
effective
industrial
field
usage
stores
production
facilities
scarce.
shows
problems
associated
some
(e.g.,
sorption,
stability,
efficacy,
smell)
extent
echo
frequently
encountered
addressed
almost
100
years
ago
during
transition
ancient
modern
classical
chemical
methods.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
69(24), С. 6735 - 6754
Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021
Pollution
related
to
pesticides
has
become
a
global
problem
due
their
low
utilization
and
non-targeting
application,
nanotechnology
shown
great
potential
in
promoting
sustainable
agriculture.
Nowadays,
mesoporous
silica-based
nanomaterials
have
garnered
immense
attention
for
improving
the
efficacy
safety
of
distinctive
advantages
toxicity,
high
thermal
chemical
stability,
particularly
size
tunability
versatile
functionality.
Based
on
introduction
structure
synthesis
different
types
silica
nanoparticles
(MSNs),
multiple
roles
safe
pesticide
application
using
are
discussed
this
Review:
(i)
as
nanocarrier
sustained/controlled
delivery
pesticides,
(ii)
adsorbent
enrichment
or
removal
aqueous
media,
(iii)
support
catalysts
degradation
contaminants,
(iv)
sensors
detection
pesticides.
Several
scientific
issues,
strategies,
mechanisms
regarding
MSNs
field
presented,
with
future
directions
terms
environmental
risk
assessment,
in-depth
mechanism
exploration,
cost–benefit
consideration
continuous
development.
This
Review
will
provide
critical
information
researchers
may
open
up
minds
develop
new
advances
application.
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
15(4), С. 705 - 715
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2016
Plant
disease
management
faces
ever-growing
challenges
due
to:
(i)
increasing
demands
for
total,
safe
and
diverse
foods
to
support
the
booming
global
population
its
improving
living
standards;
(ii)
reducing
production
potential
in
agriculture
competition
land
fertile
areas
exhaustion
of
marginal
arable
lands;
(iii)
deteriorating
ecology
agro-ecosystems
depletion
natural
resources;
(iv)
increased
risk
epidemics
resulting
from
agricultural
intensification
monocultures.
Future
plant
should
aim
strengthen
food
security
a
stable
society
while
simultaneously
safeguarding
health
associated
ecosystems
dependency
on
resources.
To
achieve
these
multiple
functionalities,
sustainable
place
emphases
rational
adaptation
resistance,
avoidance,
elimination
remediation
strategies
individually
collectively,
guided
by
traits
specific
host-pathogen
associations
using
evolutionary
principles
create
environmental
(biotic
abiotic)
conditions
favorable
host
growth
development
adverse
pathogen
reproduction
evolution.
