Nesting habitat of ground‐nesting bees: a review

Ecological Entomology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 46(2), С. 143 - 159

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2020

About 3/4 of all wild bee species nest in the soil and spend much their life cycle underground. These insects require suitable environmental conditions for construction development survival offspring. However, there is little quantitative information on nesting habitat requirements preferences ground‐nesting bees. Moreover, are almost no data effects these bees' fitness. Here, to better understand factors that influence nest‐site selection bees, we synthesise literature nesting‐habitat associations important pollinators. We also review techniques can be used study Our reveals enormous variation among with such attributes as texture, compaction, moisture, temperature, ground surface features, proximity conspecifics or floral resources. more studies—particularly experimental ones—are needed segregate each factor choices location, since multiple often correlated. It unclear whether vary geographically seasonally within species, phylogenetically partly because lack many species. argue studies using established habitat‐selection methods essential properly identify Finally, research ecology (especially agroecosystems) determine how best support this diverse group bees vital ecosystem service they provide.

Язык: Английский

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Fungicides and bees: a review of exposure and risk

Environment International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 165, С. 107311 - 107311

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is predicted to increase in future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom when bees likely foraging on crops, whether real-world exposure these chemicals - alone or combination with other stressors constitutes a threat health still subject great uncertainty. The first step estimating risks understand how what extent exposed active ingredients. Here we review current knowledge that exists about experience field, link quantitative data acute chronic risk lethal endpoints honey (Apis mellifera). From 702 publications screened, 76 studies contained residue detections bee matrices, further 47 provided qualitative information range taxa through various routes. We compiled 90 metabolites have been detected honey, beebread, pollen, beeswax, bodies bees. posed by fungicide residues was estimated EPA Risk Quotient (RQ) approach. Based concentrations pollen/beebread, none reported exceeded levels concern (LOC) set regulatory agencies risk, while 3 12 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) LOC wild bees, respectively. When considering all most include many broad-spectrum systemic fungicides, as well widely used contact chlorothalonil. In addition providing detailed overview frequency environment, identified important research gaps suggest future directions move towards comprehensive understanding mitigation including synergistic co-exposure pesticides pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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A global review of determinants of native bee assemblages in urbanised landscapes

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(4), С. 385 - 405

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of natural habitat through land‐use change threatens bees. Urbanisation is a major, increasing form, loss, and novel, pervasive form disturbance known to impact bee diversity abundance in variety often inconsistent ways. We conducted comprehensive, semi‐quantitative review, involving 215 studies, on responses bees urban landscapes, local landscape variables proposed influence diversity. Urban areas tend be favourable for compared with agricultural ones, but areas, host more abundant populations yet fewer species. Factors associated including changes foraging resources nesting substrate types availability, contribute abundance, species richness, composition native assemblages. However, the conclusions studies vary greatly because difference ecological traits bees, habitats surveyed, geographic region, as well noise data resulting from inconsistencies sampling methodology, definitions ‘urban’ ‘natural’. Identifying what biotic abiotic features cityscapes promote or threaten persistence critical. provide comprehensive evaluation how (both aggregate according their guild) have responded environment, identify gaps knowledge ecology, make recommendations advance our understanding environments conservation diverse communities.

Язык: Английский

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The managed-to-invasive species continuum in social and solitary bees and impacts on native bee conservation

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46, С. 43 - 49

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Declines of bees and butterflies over 15 years in a forested landscape

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(7), С. 1346 - 1350.e3

Опубликована: Март 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Bee diversity decreases rapidly with time since harvest in intensively managed conifer forests

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Abstract Despite widespread concerns about the anthropogenic drivers of global pollinator declines, little information is available impacts land management practices on wild bees outside agricultural systems, including in forests managed intensively for wood production. We assessed changes bee communities with time since harvest 60 Douglas‐fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) stands across a gradient stand ages spanning typical rotation. measured abundance, species richness, and alpha beta diversity, as well habitat characteristics (i.e., floral resources, nesting substrates, understory vegetation, early seral forest surrounding landscape) during spring summer 2018 2019. found that abundance richness declined rapidly age, decreasing by 61% 48%, respectively, every 5 years timber harvest. Asymptotic estimates Shannon Simpson diversity were highest 6–10 post‐harvest lowest after canopy had closed, ~11 post‐harvest. Bee older nested subsets younger stands, indicating due to loss rather than turnover aged. abundance—but not richness—was positively associated resource density, neither metric was richness. The amount landscape seemed enhance older, closed‐canopy but otherwise effect. Changes relative did relate functional such sociality, diet breadth, or substrate. Our study demonstrates plantations develop diverse shortly harvest, those erode over canopies close. Therefore, stand‐scale activities prolong precanopy closure period resources initial stage regeneration will provide greatest opportunity landscapes dominated conifer forests.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological and social factors influence interspecific pathogens occurrence among bees

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

The interspecific transmission of pathogens can occur frequently in the environment. Among wild bees, main spillover cases are caused by associated with Apis mellifera, whose colonies act as reservoirs. Due to limited availability data Italy, it is challenging accurately assess impact and implications this phenomenon on bee populations. In study, a total 3372 bees were sampled from 11 Italian regions within BeeNet project, evaluating prevalence abundance major honey (DWV, BQCV, ABPV, CBPV, KBV, Nosema ceranae, Ascosphaera apis, Crithidia mellificae, Lotmaria passim, bombi). 68.4% samples positive for at least one pathogen. DWV, N. ceranae CBPV showed highest values, confirming them most prevalent spread For these pathogens, Andrena, Bombus, Eucera Seladonia mean values. Generally, time trends decrease April July. order predict risk infection among statistical models developed. A low influence apiary density pathogen occurrence was observed, while meteorological conditions agricultural management greater persistence Social biological traits also contributed defining higher bivoltine, communal, mining oligolectic bees. Out all tested, 40.5% co-infected two or more pathogens. some cases, individuals simultaneously infected up five different It essential increase knowledge about understand dynamics, effects pollinator Implementing concrete plans conservation species important ensure health human-managed One-Health perspective.

Язык: Английский

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Single and combined exposure to ‘bee safe’ pesticides alter behaviour and offspring production in a ground-nesting solitary bee ( Xenoglossa pruinosa )

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 291(2019)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Mounting evidence supporting the negative impacts of exposure to neonicotinoids on bees has prompted registration novel ‘bee-friendly’ insecticides for agricultural use. Flupyradifurone (FPF) is a butenolide insecticide that shares same mode action as and been assessed be ‘practically non-toxic adult honeybees' using current risk assessment procedures. However, these assessments overlook some routes specific wild bees, such contact with residues in soil ground-nesters. Co-exposure other pesticides may also lead detrimental synergistic effects. In fully crossed experiment, we possible lethal sublethal effects chronic two used Cucurbita crops, Sivanto Prime fungicide Quadris Top (azoxystrobin difenoconazole), alone or combined, solitary ground-nesting squash ( Xenoglossa pruinosa ). Squash exposed collected less pollen per flower visit, while Sivanto-exposed produced larger offspring. Pesticide co-exposure induced hyperactivity female relative both control single pesticide exposure, reduced number emerging offspring nest compared individual treatments. This study demonstrates ‘low-toxicity’ can adversely affect under field-realistic combination.

Язык: Английский

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The Value of Forests to Pollinating Insects Varies with Forest Structure, Composition, and Age

Current Forestry Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(5), С. 322 - 336

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Local and landscape effects on the reproduction of wild bees and wasps in Mediterranean communities along a gradient of land‐use

Ecological Entomology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Abstract The transformation of natural landscapes for agricultural purposes may severely affect wild bee and wasp reproduction. In this study, we located trap‐nests on 18 Mediterranean communities within areas to study the effects landscape (% heterogeneity) local flowering (flower abundance richness) total richness solitary bees wasps that nest cavities. We also estimated several reproductive variables (number nests, number cells per nest, sex ratio, parasitoidism survival) two most common species in system: Osmia caerulescens Ancistrocerus longispinosus . found increased with flower heterogeneity, while it decreased abundance. Furthermore, our results indicated focal success, being overall stronger those at than scale. Floral influenced nest. However, effect was positive both cases, differed, O. negative A. percentage habitats had a additional only Besides, positively related proportion females survival. Our findings stress importance considering different spatial scales an effective conservation management takes into account Hymenoptera

Язык: Английский

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