The effects of urbanization on pollinators and pollination: A meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(9), С. 1629 - 1642

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

Urbanization is increasing worldwide, with major impacts on biodiversity, species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Pollination an function vital for terrestrial ecosystems food security; however, the processes underlying patterns of pollinator diversity services they provide in cities have seldom been quantified. Here, we perform a comprehensive meta-analysis 133 studies examining effects urbanization pollinators pollination. Our results confirm widespread negative richness abundance, Lepidoptera being most affected group. Furthermore, responses were found to be trait-specific, below-ground nesting solitary Hymenoptera, spring flyers more severely by urbanization. Meanwhile, promote non-native pollinators, which may exacerbate conservation risks native species. Surprisingly, despite diversity, pollination service measured as seed set enhanced non-tropical likely due abundant generalists managed therein. We emphasize that local flowering plants could mitigate diversity. Overall, demonstrate varying magnitudes multiple moderators urban help guide actions biodiversity sustainable future.

Язык: Английский

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Diverse urban pollinators and where to find them

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 281, С. 110036 - 110036

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The final frontier: ecological and evolutionary dynamics of a global parasite invasion

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Studying rapid biological changes accompanying the introduction of alien organisms into native ecosystems can provide insights fundamental ecological and evolutionary theory. While powerful, this quasi-experimental approach is difficult to implement because timing invasions their consequences are hard predict, meaning that baseline pre-invasion data often missing. Exceptionally, eventual arrival Varroa destructor (hereafter Varroa) in Australia has been predicted for decades. a major driver honeybee declines worldwide, particularly as vectors diverse RNA viruses. The detection 2022 at over hundred sites poses risk further spread across continent. At same time, careful study Varroa's spread, if it does become established, wealth information fill knowledge gaps about its effects worldwide. This includes how affects populations pollination. Even more generally, invasion serve model evolution, virology interactions between parasite, host other organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α‐ But Not β‐ and γ‐Diversity of Bees

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination food production. Reduced taxonomic α‐diversity is often reported under land change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e., γ‐diversity), either due to reduced β‐diversity amplifying diversity loss or increased dampening loss. Additionally, studies focus on diversity, while other important components, phylogenetic can exhibit differential responses. Here, we evaluated how agricultural urban alters α‐, β‐, γ‐diversity of an pollinator taxon—bees. Using a multicontinental dataset 3117 bee assemblages from 157 studies, found that was by 16%–18% in both habitats relative natural habitats. Phylogenetic decreased 11%–12% Compared with habitats, 11% 6% respectively, but exhibited no systematic We detected 22% decline 17% not significantly These findings highlight threat expansions large‐scale decline. In addition, urbanization agriculture lead consistent declines α‐diversity, their β‐ vary, highlighting need study effects multiple scales.

Язык: Английский

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How city traits affect taxonomic and functional diversity of urban wild bee communities: insights from a worldwide analysis

Apidologie, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(4)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Abstract Land-use change, including urbanization, is known to affect wild bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity. However, while previous studies have focused on differences across local urbanization gradients, the best of our knowledge, none among cities at a wide geographical scale. We here used published data for communities in 55 globe, order explore how city traits (population density, size, climate and land-use parameters) both taxonomic (diversity, distinctness, dominance) functional (body nesting strategy, sociality, plant host specialization) profile urban communities. By controlling sample size sampling effort, we found that bigger few parasitic oligolectic species, along with more above-ground-nesting bees. Cities highly fragmented green areas present lower proportion species higher social large-bodied impervious surfaces seem below-ground-nesting Hotter richness diversity, diversity highest intermediate precipitation values. Overall, it seems high levels urbanization—through habitat modification “heat island” effect—lead strong simplification cities. Our results may help explain previously observed variable response some community gradients.

Язык: Английский

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Temperature and not landscape composition shapes wild bee communities in an urban environment

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 65 - 76

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2022

Abstract More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase. Even if urbanisation widely regarded as major threat global biodiversity, recent research highlighted potential ecological importance cities for pollinators. Key determinants cities' ability sustain pollinators are presence green areas and connectivity between them. However, also temperature be primary pollinator activities. Here, we aimed at disentangling effects temperature, open habitat cover, distance from city centre on wild bee communities Rome (Italy). We selected 36 sites along two statistically independent gradients sampled using pan‐traps 4 months. Then, measured functional traits species, is, body size, social behaviour, nesting strategy, diet breadth. Temperature emerged main driver communities, with richer species individuals warmer temperatures. found little replacement cold warm sites. In addition, increasing temperatures, were dominated by polylectic small‐bodied species. showed highly urbanised environment, shapes irrespective other landscape metrics. warming seemed beneficial abundance richness, it might strongly homogenise selecting those make more easily adaptable.

Язык: Английский

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Subtle morphological changes in the visual and antennal sensory system of bees and wasps across an urbanisation gradient

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract Increased temperature and fragmentation of green spaces in urban areas could drive variations functional traits insects. Such morphological shifts may occur for sensory systems, which were previously reported to be prone change with habitat characteristics non-urban contexts. Here, we measured related the visual antennal systems bees Halictus scabiosae Osmia cornuta wasp Polistes dominula along an urbanisation gradient within Milan (Italy). We hypothesised that filter better properties, higher fewer thermoreceptors more olfactory hairs. While controlling body size, results show subtle but appreciable responses one or all species, though not always supporting our hypotheses. O. shows marginally ommatidia density smaller diameter (associated resolution) fragmented sites, as well hotter agreement two predictions. On other hand, H. has antennae P. eyes at warmer locations, also 9th flagellomeres areas. Perhaps temperatures accelerate development system speed than rest these species. Our represent first evidence effects on wasps underline how such involve a much broader bouquet then observed.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of pesticide use on wild bee distributions across the United States

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(10), С. 1324 - 1334

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

The decline of many wild bee species has major consequences for pollination in natural and agro-ecosystems. One hypothesized cause the declines is pesticide use; neonicotinoids pyrethroids particular have been shown to pernicious effects laboratory field experiments, linked population a few focal species. We used aggregated museum records, ecological surveys community science data from across contiguous United States, including 178,589 unique observations 1,081 (33% with records States) six families, model occupancy 1995 2015 land use data. While there are numerous causes declines, we discovered that negative pesticides widespread; increase neonicotinoid pyrethroid driver changes hundreds In some groups, high contributes 43.3% decrease probability occurs at site. These results suggest mechanisms reduce (such as integrative pest management) can potentially facilitate conservation. Bees provide important ecosystem services agricultural landscapes, but extent which they affected by on continental scale yet be explored. This study evaluates impact populations States.

Язык: Английский

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Floral richness and seasonality influences bee and non-bee flower interactions in urban community gardens

Urban Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(4), С. 1099 - 1112

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Abstract Pollinating insects are essential for food production. Both bee and non-bee pollinators undergoing dramatic declines due to land use intensification its consequences on native ecosystems. While interactions between crops well studied, our understanding of the pollination service provided by flower visitors including flies, ants, beetles others is still limited. Moreover, effects landscape urbanization changes in floral nesting resource availability network structure with both cultivated wild plants have been poorly studied. We assessed which common visitor groups dominate (e.g. Trifolium pratense , Taraxacum officinales ) Fragaria ananassa Cucurbita pepo urban community gardens Berlin Munich explored how these change over growing season. further investigated effect surrounding gardens, resources within complexity (i.e. nestedness, linkage density, connectance) interaction networks. observed 20 focal plant species 13 30 gardens. found that dominant changed season, ants flies as early season visitors, important later Nestedness increased increases richness while neither abundance nor impervious surface garden size or strongly influenced Our findings suggest high may ensure and, thus, stability Findings role should be considered provision especially shoulder seasons. Finally, results emphasize gardeners play a key mediating through their gardening practices.

Язык: Английский

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Bees in the city: Findings from a scoping review and recommendations for urban planning

AMBIO, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Over the last decades, bee biodiversity has dropped sharply due to land use change, including urbanization. To contrast this, recent research pointed cities as a hotspot for bees. Because of this ambiguity, scoping review been conducted examine urban characteristics that impact bees and how are impacted. A total 276 articles were analyzed against landscape local habitat characteristics. The key findings include first natural areas more valuable since levels higher. Second, generally score better than agricultural rural areas. Third, plant positively influences biodiversity. Fourth, environment strongly affects some traits proportion native For making friendly inclusive, we recommend maintain areas, connect ecosystems, encourage floral abundance diversity increasing size green overall.

Язык: Английский

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