PLoS Genetics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(4), С. e1011232 - e1011232
Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024
Animals
often
grow
and
develop
in
unpredictable
environments
where
factors
like
food
availability,
temperature,
oxygen
levels
can
fluctuate
dramatically.
To
ensure
proper
sexual
maturation
into
adulthood,
juvenile
animals
need
to
adapt
their
growth
developmental
rates
these
fluctuating
environmental
conditions.
Failure
do
so
result
impaired
incorrect
body
size.
Here
we
describe
a
mechanism
by
which
Drosophila
larvae
development
low
(hypoxia).
During
normal
development,
increase
mass
until
they
reach
critical
weight
(CW),
after
point
neuroendocrine
circuit
triggers
the
production
of
steroid
hormone
ecdysone
from
prothoracic
gland
(PG),
promotes
pupal
stage.
However,
when
raised
hypoxia
(5%
oxygen),
slow
delay
We
find
that,
although
delays
attainment
CW,
occurs
mainly
because
acting
late
suppress
production.
This
suppression
operates
through
distinct
nutrient
deprivation,
independently
HIF-1
alpha
does
not
involve
dilp8
or
modulation
Ptth,
main
neuropeptide
that
initiates
PG.
Instead,
lowers
expression
EGF
ligand,
spitz,
due
reduced
EGFR/ERK
signaling
Our
study
sheds
light
on
how
adjust
rate
response
changing
environment.
Given
is
feature
both
physiology
many
diseases,
our
findings
have
important
implications
for
understanding
may
impact
animal
pathological
situations.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract
The
increase
of
environmental
temperature
due
to
current
global
warming
is
not
only
favouring
the
expansion
distribution
range
many
insect
species,
but
it
also
changing
their
phenology.
Insect
phenology
tightly
linked
developmental
timing,
which
regulated
by
temperatures.
However,
degree
effects
temperatures
extend
across
stages
and
inter‐stage
relationships
have
been
thoroughly
quantified
in
mosquitoes.
Here,
we
used
mosquito
Aedes
albopictus
,
an
aggressive
invasive
species
arboviral
vector,
study
how
influences
fitness
stages,
thermal
traits,
energy
reserves,
transcriptome
Wolbachia
prevalence
laboratory‐reared
populations
originally
collected
from
either
temperate
or
tropical
regions.
We
show
that
hatchability,
larval
pupal
viability
speed
are
strongly
influenced
temperature,
these
wing
length,
body
mass,
longevity
content
water,
protein
lipids
adults
a
population‐specific
manner.
On
contrary,
neither
adult
preference
nor
heat
resistance
significantly
change
with
temperature.
density
was
generally
lower
mosquitoes
reared
at
18°C
than
other
tested
temperatures,
analysis
showed
enrichment
for
functions
stress
responses
(i.e.
cuticle
proteins
chitin,
cytochrome
p450
shock
proteins)
both
18
32°C.
Our
data
overall
reduced
vector
performance
when
were
32°C,
absence
isomorphy
relationship
between
laboratory
population
deriving
larvae
northern
Italy.
Altogether,
results
important
implications
reliable
model
projections
invasion
potentials
Ae.
its
epidemiological
impact.
Journal of Animal Ecology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Climate
change
is
altering
the
seasonal
timing
of
biological
events
across
tree
life.
Phenological
asynchrony
has
potential
to
hasten
population
declines
and
disrupt
ecosystem
function.
However,
we
lack
broad
comparisons
degree
sensitivity
common
phenological
cues
multiple
trophic
levels.
Overcoming
complexity
integrating
data
levels
essential
for
identifying
spatial
locations
species
which
mismatches
are
most
likely
occur.
Here,
synthesized
over
15
years
three
estimate
four
interacting
in
eastern
North
America:
green-up
forest
canopy
trees,
emergence
adult
Lepidoptera
arrival
subsequent
breeding
migratory
birds.
We
next
quantified
magnitude
shift
per
one
unit
springtime
temperature
accumulation
as
measured
by
accumulated
growing
days
(GDD).
expected
responses
spring
be
related
physiology,
thus
predicting
a
weaker
response
birds
GDD
than
that
insects
plants.
found
insect
plant
phenology
indeed
had
similarly
strong
GDD,
while
bird
lower
sensitivity.
also
vegetation
were
more
sensitive
higher
latitudes,
but
was
less
latitudes.
Migratory
with
slow
migration
pace,
early
arrivals
northerly
wintering
grounds
shifted
their
most.
Across
Eastern
Temperate
Forests,
similar
shifts
support
use
remotely
sensed
track
how
food
resources
shifting
climate
change.
Our
results
indicate
that,
our
plant-insect-bird
system,
bird-insect
link
greater
mismatch
insect-plant
link,
risk
decoupling
at
Current Research in Insect Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
7, С. 100104 - 100104
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Diapause
is
a
programmed
developmental
arrest
that
can
occur
at
any
stage
depending
on
species,
but
the
mechanisms
underscore
embryonic
diapause
are
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
identified
molecular
underscoring
distinct
phases
of
in
Diabrotica
spp.
complex.
This
species
complex
includes
economically
significant
agricultural
pests,
notably
western
corn
rootworm
(WCR)
and
northern
(NCR),
which
cause
major
losses
maize
production.
Rootworms
undergo
an
obligate
to
synchronize
their
life
cycles
with
host
plants,
sequenced
transcriptomes
from
both
five
time
points
(pre-diapause,
initiation,
maintenance,
termination,
post-diapause).
Our
results
indicate
transcriptional
regulation
dynamic
during
diapause.
initiation
involves
shutdown
cell
cycle
by
downregulating
cyclin-related
genes,
downregulation
aerobic
metabolism,
concurrent
upregulation
stress-related
especially
heat
shock
proteins,
proteasome,
immune-related
genes.
During
post-diapause
development,
there
dramatic
activation
cellular
respiration,
may
be
controlled
insulin
signaling.
Comparative
transcriptomic
analyses
between
WCR
NCR
indicated
while
many
gene
expression
changes
were
conserved
across
overall
profiles
distinct,
indicating
species-specific,
despite
close
phylogenetic
relationship
phenotypic
similarity
these
species.
study
sheds
light
suite
allow
some
organisms
pause
symphony
events
development
persist
for
several
months
as
tiny
egg.
Further,
here
contribute
further
research
pest
management
efforts
this
important
group.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
68(1), С. 451 - 469
Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022
Insect
eggs
are
exposed
to
a
plethora
of
abiotic
and
biotic
threats.
Their
survival
depends
on
both
an
innate
developmental
program
genetically
determined
protective
traits
provided
by
the
parents.
In
addition,
there
is
increasing
evidence
that
(
a)
parents
adjust
egg
phenotype
actual
needs,
b)
themselves
respond
environmental
challenges,
c)
egg-associated
microbes
actively
shape
phenotype.
This
review
focuses
phenotypic
plasticity
insect
their
capability
environment.
We
outline
ways
in
which
interaction
between
environment
two-way,
with
shaping
but
also
affecting
Specifically,
affect
plant
defenses,
host
biology
(in
case
parasitoid
eggs),
oviposition
behavior.
aim
emphasize
egg,
although
it
sessile
life
stage,
responds
interacts
its
Biochemical Society Transactions,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
51(2), С. 675 - 689
Опубликована: Март 16, 2023
Plasticity
in
developmental
processes
gives
rise
to
remarkable
environmentally
induced
phenotypes.
Some
of
the
most
striking
and
well-studied
examples
plasticity
are
seen
insects.
For
example,
beetle
horn
size
responds
nutritional
state,
butterfly
eyespots
enlarged
response
temperature
humidity,
environmental
cues
also
give
queen
worker
castes
eusocial
These
phenotypes
arise
from
essentially
identical
genomes
an
cue
during
development.
Developmental
is
taxonomically
widespread,
affects
individual
fitness,
may
act
as
a
rapid-response
mechanism
allowing
individuals
adapt
changing
environments.
Despite
importance
prevalence
plasticity,
there
remains
scant
mechanistic
understanding
how
it
works
or
evolves.
In
this
review,
we
use
key
discuss
what
known
about
insects
identify
fundamental
gaps
current
knowledge.
We
highlight
working
towards
fully
integrated
diverse
range
species.
Furthermore,
advocate
for
comparative
studies
evo-devo
framework
address
Animals
develop
in
unpredictable,
variable
environments.
In
response
to
environmental
change,
some
aspects
of
development
adjust
generate
plastic
phenotypes.
Other
development,
however,
are
buffered
against
change
produce
robust
How
organ
is
coordinated
accommodate
both
and
developmental
responses
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
the
steroid
hormone
ecdysone
coordinates
plasticity
size
robustness
pattern
developing
wings
fruit
fly
Drosophila
melanogaster.
Using
fed
starved
larvae
lack
prothoracic
glands,
which
synthesize
ecdysone,
show
nutrition
regulates
growth
via
an
ecdysone-independent
mechanism,
while
patterning
only
ecdysone.
We
then
shows
a
graded
concentration,
threshold
response.
Collectively,
these
data
support
model
where
nutritionally
regulated
fluctuations
confer
by
regulating
disc
basal
levels
initiating
once
peaks
exceed
concentration.
This
could
represent
generalizable
mechanism
through
hormones
coordinate
with
face
change.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Embryogenesis
is
remarkably
robust
to
temperature
variability,
yet
there
limited
understanding
of
the
homeostatic
mechanisms
that
offset
thermal
effects
during
early
development.
Here,
we
measured
acclimation
response
upper
limits
and
profiled
chromatin
state
transcriptome
D.
melanogaster
embryos
(Bownes
Stage
11)
using
single-nuclei
multiome
ATAC
RNA
sequencing.
We
report
acclimation,
while
preserving
a
common
set
primordial
cell
types,
rapidly
shifted
limit.
Cool-acclimated
showed
characterized
by
increased
accessibility
at
transcription
factor
binding
motifs
for
transcriptional
activator
Zelda,
along
with
enhanced
activity
gene
regulatory
networks
in
types
including
foregut
hindgut,
mesoderm,
peripheral
nervous
system.
In
addition,
cool-acclimated
had
higher
expression
genes
encoding
ribosomal
proteins
enzymes
involved
oxidative
phosphorylation.
Despite
hypothesis
differential
heat
tolerance
might
be
explained
molecular
chaperones,
did
not
observe
widespread
differences
or
shock
genes.
Overall,
our
results
suggest
environmental
robustness
embryogenesis
necessitates
responses
regulate
speed
development,
potentially
imposing
metabolic
costs
constrain
limits.
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024
Abstract
Insect
production
for
food
and
feed
presents
a
promising
supplement
to
ensure
safety
address
the
adverse
impacts
of
agriculture
on
climate
environment
in
future.
However,
optimisation
is
required
insect
realise
its
full
potential.
This
can
be
by
targeted
improvement
traits
interest
through
selective
breeding,
an
approach
which
has
so
far
been
underexplored
underutilised
farming.
Here,
we
present
comprehensive
review
breeding
framework
context
production.
We
systematically
evaluate
adjustments
techniques
realm
insects
highlight
essential
components
integral
process.
The
discussion
covers
every
step
conventional
scheme,
such
as
formulation
objectives,
phenotyping,
estimation
genetic
parameters
values,
selection
appropriate
strategies,
mitigation
issues
associated
with
diversity
depletion
inbreeding.
combines
knowledge
from
diverse
disciplines,
bridging
gap
between
animal
quantitative
genetics,
evolutionary
biology
entomology,
offering
integrated
view
research
area
uniting
previously
remained
scattered
across
fields
expertise.