The X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX controls NK cell-intrinsic sex differences

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(5), С. 780 - 791

Опубликована: Март 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(5), С. 4651 - 4651

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Only in recent years, thanks to a precision medicine-based approach, have treatments tailored the sex of each patient emerged clinical trials. In this regard, both striated muscle tissues present significant differences between two sexes, which may important consequences for diagnosis and therapy aging chronic illness. fact, preservation mass disease conditions correlates with survival; however, should be considered when protocols maintenance are designed. One obvious difference is that men more than women. Moreover, sexes differ inflammation parameters, particularly response infection disease. Therefore, unsurprisingly, women respond differently therapies. review, we an up-to-date overview on what known about skeletal physiology disfunction, such as disuse atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, cachexia. addition, summarize underly aforementioned because pro-inflammatory cytokines deeply affect homeostasis. The comparison these three their sex-related bases interesting different forms atrophy share common mechanisms; instance, those responsible protein dismantling similar although differing terms kinetics, severity, regulatory mechanisms. pre-clinical research, exploring sexual dimorphism could highlight new efficacious or recommend implementation existing one. Any protective factors discovered one exploited achieve lower morbidity, reduce severity disease, avoid mortality opposite sex. Thus, understanding sex-dependent responses pivotal importance design innovative, tailored, efficient interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Sex-differences in COVID-19 diagnosis, risk factors and disease comorbidities: A large US-based cohort study

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 are higher among men, however, underlying pathways remain controversial. We aim to investigate sex-gender differences in a large US-based cohort, namely Research Database. More specifically, the objectives explore socio-economic characteristics of male female patients examine potential sex lifestyle factors disease comorbidities diagnosed patients.This is retrospective cohort study contrasting vs. with test-confirmed COVID-19. The used Healthjump electronic medical records (e.g., demographics, encounters, history, vitals) extracted January 2020 December 2021 (N = 62,310).Significant sociodemographic comorbidity were observed between males females (p < 0.05). For example, significantly proportion (vs. females) aged ≥70-year-old (17.04 15.01%) smokers (11.04 9.24%, p 0.0001). In addition, multiple logistic regression showed that hypertension diabetes more frequent [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 66.19 ORa 22.90].Understanding outcomes will inform gender equity responsive approach enhance effectiveness clinical practice, health policy interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Malnutrition Increases Hospital Length of Stay and Mortality among Adult Inpatients with COVID-19

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(6), С. 1310 - 1310

Опубликована: Март 21, 2022

Background: Malnutrition has been linked to adverse health economic outcomes. There is a paucity of data on malnutrition in patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisting 4311 COVID-19 adult (18 years and older) inpatients at 5 Johns Hopkins-affiliated hospitals between 1 March 3 December 2020. Malnourishment was identified using the universal screening tool (MUST), then confirmed by registered dietitians. Statistics were conducted SAS v9.4 (Cary, NC, USA) software examine effect mortality hospital length stay among inpatient encounters, while accounting for possible covariates regression analysis predicting or log-transformed stay. Results: who older, male, had lower BMIs higher likelihood mortality. Patients 76% more likely have (p < 0.001) 105% longer 0.001). Overall, 12.9% (555/4311) diagnosed associated an 87.9% increase Conclusions: In inpatients, increased

Язык: Английский

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Influence of X chromosome in sex-biased autoimmune diseases

Journal of Autoimmunity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 137, С. 102992 - 102992

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota alters the metabolome in an age- and sex- dependent manner in mice

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2023

Commensal bacteria are major contributors to mammalian metabolism. We used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry study the metabolomes of germ-free, gnotobiotic, and specific-pathogen-free mice, while also evaluating influence age sex on metabolite profiles. Microbiota modified metabolome all body sites accounted for highest proportion variation within gastrointestinal tract. explained similar amounts urine, serum, peritoneal fluid, was primary driver in liver spleen. Although least amount at sites, it had a significant impact except ileum. Collectively, these data illustrate interplay between microbiota, age, metabolic phenotypes diverse sites. This provides framework interpreting complex will help guide future studies into role that microbiome plays disease.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study 106 adults. Participants were randomly assigned receive either (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 1.5 × 108 CFU/d, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 7.5 107 and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters gut microbiota composition measured at baseline, mid, end study. Compared group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.088) interferon-gamma 0.008), along with larger increases interleukin (IL)-10 0.008) stool secretory IgA (sIgA) 0.014). Additionally, led an enrichment beneficial bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella) several functional pathways related amino acids short-chain fatty biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory Parabacteroides compared baseline. Importantly, alternations anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 sIgA) significantly correlated microbial variations triggered supplementation. Stratification into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio revealed more favorable effect supplements individuals higher P/B ratio. In conclusion, this suggested immune parameters, which synbiotics-induced changes modified enterotypes. These findings provided direct supporting personalized immunomodulation.

Язык: Английский

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A humanized mouse that mounts mature class-switched, hypermutated and neutralizing antibody responses

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(8), С. 1489 - 1506

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

Humanized mice are limited in terms of modeling human immunity, particularly with regards to antibody responses. Here we constructed a humanized (THX) mouse by grafting non-γ-irradiated, genetically myeloablated Kit

Язык: Английский

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Multi-omics analysis reveals that linoleic acid metabolism is associated with variations of trained immunity induced by distinct BCG strains

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(14)

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Trained immunity is one of the mechanisms by which BCG vaccination confers persistent nonspecific protection against diverse diseases. Genomic differences between different vaccine strains that are in global use could result variable tuberculosis and therapeutic effects on bladder cancer. In this study, we found four representative (BCG-Russia, BCG-Sweden, BCG-China, BCG-Pasteur) covering all genetic clusters differed their ability to induce trained protection. The induced was associated with Akt-mTOR-HIF1α axis, glycolysis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Multi-omics analysis (epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics) showed linoleic acid metabolism correlated immunity–inducing capacity strains. Linoleic participated induction act as adjuvants enhance BCG-induced immunity, revealing a pathway be used adjuvant development.

Язык: Английский

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A single amino acid polymorphism in natural Metchnikowin alleles of Drosophila results in systemic immunity and life history tradeoffs

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(3), С. e1011155 - e1011155

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are at the interface of interactions between hosts and microbes therefore expected to be rapidly evolving in a coevolutionary arms race with pathogens. In contrast, previous work demonstrated that insect AMPs tend evolve more slowly than genome average. Metchikowin (Mtk) is Drosophila AMP has single amino acid residue segregates as either proline (P) or arginine (R) populations four different species, some which diverged 10 million years ago. These results suggest there distinct functional importance each allele. The most likely hypotheses driven by two main questions: does allele have efficacy against specific pathogens (specificity hypothesis)? Or, one potent antimicrobial, but host fitness cost (autoimmune To assess their differences, we created D . melanogaster lines P allele, R Mtk null mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 editing performed series life history infection assays them. males, testing systemic immune responses repertoire bacteria fungi performs well better alleles infections. Females show contrast not contributing survival outperforming addition, measurements traits demonstrate costly absence for both sexes. consistent specificity hypothesis (either can perform certain depending on context), autoimmune (the generally antimicrobial carries cost). provide strong vivo evidence differential without sex-based differences may adaptive mechanisms maintaining gene polymorphisms expectations rapid evolution. Therefore, complex interplay forces including pathogen species sex lead balancing selection genotypes. Strikingly, this act even polymorphism an AMP.

Язык: Английский

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