Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1), С. 37 - 55

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Using big sequencing data to identify chronic SARS-Coronavirus-2 infections

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics

Biology of Sex Differences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Abstract Biological sex differences exist for many airway diseases in which females have either worse or better health outcomes. Inflammatory such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma display a clear male advantage post-puberty while female benefit is observed during the pre-puberty years. The influence of menstrual cycle stage pregnancy on frequency severity pulmonary exacerbations CF point to role steroid hormones, particularly estrogen, underpinning biological these diseases. There are ways by estrogen may aggravate involving disturbances surface liquid (ASL) dynamics, inappropriate hyper-immune allergenic responses, well exacerbation pathogen virulence. deleterious effect function contrasts with characterised edema pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19. Airway hypersecretion alveolar flooding hallmarks ARDS COVID-19, contribute morbidity mortality severe forms ASL dynamics encompasses intrinsic features thin lining fluid covering epithelium regulate mucociliary clearance (ciliary beat, height, volume, pH, viscosity, mucins, channel activating proteases) addition innate defence mechanisms (pathogen virulence, cytokines, defensins, specialised pro-resolution lipid mediators, metabolism). Estrogen regulation contributing CF, COVID-19 major focus this review. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Long-term increase in soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in convalescents after mild COVID-19 infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are increased in COVID-19 patients. IL-6 is an effective therapeutic target inflammatory diseases and tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks signaling via the receptor (IL-6R), used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. However, IL-6R exists membrane-bound soluble forms (sIL-6R), sIL-6R combination glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) IL-6-neutralizing buffer system capable neutralizing small amounts IL-6. In this study, we analyzed serum IL-6, sgp130 convalescent individuals history mild disease acute severely ill compared uninfected control subjects. Furthermore, single cell RNA sequencing data order determine which immune types sources targets individual cytokines whether their expression altered We find not only patients, but also convalescents after infection. show increase results enhanced capacity sIL-6R/sgp130 system, significantly free still present due overload buffer. Further, identify levels, age number known pre-existing medical conditions as crucial determinants outcome for IL-11 has no major systemic role sCD25 individuals. conclusion, our study shows long-lasting alterations disease, might be relevant when applying anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-6R therapy.

Язык: Английский

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The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces long-term transcriptional perturbations of mitochondrial metabolic genes, causes cardiac fibrosis, and reduces myocardial contractile in obese mice

Molecular Metabolism, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74, С. 101756 - 101756

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023

As the pandemic evolves, post-acute sequelae of CoV-2 (PASC) including cardiovascular manifestations have emerged as a new health threat. This study aims to whether Spike protein plus obesity can exacerbate PASC-related cardiomyopathy.A protein-pseudotyped (Spp) virus with proper surface tropism SARS-CoV-2 was developed for viral entry assay in vitro and administration into high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The systemic loads cardiac transcriptomes were analyzed at 2 24 h, 3, 6, weeks post introducing (wpi) Spp using RNA-seq or real time RT-PCR. Echocardiography used monitor functions.Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol enhanced uptake endothelial cells, macrophages, cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Selective adipose depositions observed HFD mice but not normal-chow-fed transcriptional signatures wpi showed suppression mitochondria respiratory chain genes ATP synthases nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide:ubiquinone oxidoreductase gene members, upregulation stress pathway-related crucial factors such nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 1 signal transducer activator transcription 5A, increases expression glucose metabolism-associated genes. compared age-matched control mice, ejection fraction fractional shortening significantly decreased, while left ventricular end-systolic diameter volume elevated, fibrosis increased wpi.Our data demonstrated that could induce long-term metabolic cause myocardial contractile impairment obese providing mechanistic insights cardiomyopathy.

Язык: Английский

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Using big sequencing data to identify chronic SARS-Coronavirus-2 infections

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

Abstract The evolution of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been characterized by the periodic emergence highly divergent variants, many which may have arisen during chronic infections immunocompromised individuals. Here, we harness a global phylogeny ∼11.7 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes and search for clades composed sequences with identical metadata (location, age, sex) spanning more than 21 days. We postulate that such represent repeated sampling from same chronically infected individual. A set 271 chronic-like was inferred, displayed signatures an elevated rate adaptive evolution, in line validated infections. More 70% mutations present currently circulating variants are found BA.1 predate months, demonstrating predictive nature clades. find probability observing is approximately 10-20 higher transmission chains. next employ language models to most use them infer hundreds additional absence phylogenetic information. Our proposed approach presents innovative method mining extensive sequencing data providing valuable insights into future evolutionary patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Mathematical modeling of impacts of patient differences on renin-angiotensin system and applications to COVID-19 lung fibrosis outcomes

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 186, С. 109631 - 109631

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the effects of long-COVID on mental health in the United States: a population based study

Discover Mental Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

While most individuals recover fully from COVID-19, a significant proportion of survivors experience prolonged symptoms lasting three months or more, condition commonly referred to as long-COVID. Long-COVID conditions have been associated with reduced quality life. By utilizing nationally representative sample nearly million Americans, this study provides insights into the prevalence and impact long-COVID on anxiety depression in U.S. We utilize Household Pulse Survey data, which first population-based long-COVID, beginning its June 2022 wave. This survey also includes questions respondents' mental health status—specifically depression. employ quasi-experimental difference-in-differences framework conduct research using control groups, predict among who suffered Approximately 51.8% those surveyed tested positive for COVID-19 these 27.3% reported suffering Individuals were twice likely relative mild/asymptomatic COVID-19. Our analysis at sub-group level revealed that younger adults females disproportionately affected, reporting higher rates both groups. Additionally, lower income educational attainment more challenges. Relative reference group (Asians), Whites, Blacks, Hispanics exhibited significantly odds Notably, was linked incidence males, is consistent previous research. fills gap literature regarding effects The findings provide strong evidence link between depression, large sample, employing rigorous

Язык: Английский

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Marked Global Differences in Mortality in Male Patients with COVID-19: An Analysis of the CARDIO COVID 19–20 and WHF COVID-19 CVD Studies

Global Heart, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in the association between preexisting comorbidities and COVID-19-related symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Sex-based differences in the impact of comorbidities on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related symptoms remain underexplored due to predominance sex-aggregated data. We aimed examine sex associations between preexisting and COVID-19-related during COVID-19 pandemic Dominican Republic. conducted a cross-sectional study using questionnaire survey Republic September 2021 December 2021. Data demographic factors, comorbidities, self-reported were collected. A multiple logistic regression model was used separately identify males females. included total 3,308 eligible individuals. Approximately 25% participants had 31% experienced symptoms. Multiple analyses revealed that asthma (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.20-3.85, p 0.01) associated with presence males. For females, chronic lung 5.39, 1.52-19.18, 0.009), hypertension 1.33, 1.00-1.77, 0.047) diabetes mellitus 1.70, 1.07-2.71, 0.025) correlated Our findings observed sex-differences Specifically, we male individuals females disease, hypertension, greater likelihood experiencing Future studies are needed confirm mechanism underlying these differences.

Язык: Английский

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