Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during first three years life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances establishment process may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes this critical period life as well factors that affect development. Based on and animal data, we conclude early-life a determinant long-term impacting physiological, metabolic, processes. field faces challenges. Some challenges are technical, such lack standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, outdated sequencing technologies. Other methodological: small sample sizes, longitudinal studies, poor control confounding variables. To address limitations, advocate more robust research methodologies better understand microbiome's health disease. Improved methods will lead reliable studies deeper understanding impact outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics to improve the gut microbiome in premature infants: are we there yet?

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2023

Gut microbiome maturation in infants born prematurely is uniquely influenced by the physiological, clinical, and environmental factors surrounding preterm birth early life, leading to altered patterns of microbial succession relative term during first months life. These differences composition are implicated acute clinical conditions that disproportionately affect infants, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) late-onset sepsis (LOS). Probiotic supplementation initiated life an effective prophylactic measure for preventing NEC, LOS, other concerns relevant infants. In parallel, reported benefits probiotics on gut microbiome, metabolome, immune function beginning emerge. This review summarizes current literature influence outlines potential mechanisms which these effects exerted, highlights important considerations determining best practices probiotic use premature

Язык: Английский

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Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(5), С. 1023 - 1023

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in regulation immune system has been thoroughly described literature. Vitamin deficiency dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic development numerous immune-mediated allergic diseases. physiological processes underlying aging sex proven to be capable having negative influence both on values biodiversity microbiome. This leads global increase levels systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all diseases conditions. Our review aims collect analyze relationship between microbiome associated it, emphasizing effect mediated by sexual hormones aging.

Язык: Английский

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From Birth to Weaning: A Window of Opportunity for Microbiota

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 272 - 272

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

(1) Background: The first 1000 days of life constitute a critical window opportunity for microbiota development. Nutrients play crucial role in enriching and diversifying the microbiota, derived not only from solid food but also maternal dietary patterns during gestation. (2) Methods: We conducted comprehensive literature review using PubMed database, covering eleven years (2013–2023). included English-language reviews, original research papers, meta-analyses, while excluding case reports letters. (3) Results: Consensus emphasizes that our interaction with multitude microorganisms begins intrauterine environment continues throughout lives. existing data suggest early nutritional education programs, initiated pregnancy guiding infant diets development, may influence shaping gut promoting long-term health. (4) Conclusions: Further is necessary coming to assess potential interventions models aimed at modulating pediatric especially vulnerable populations such as premature newborns.

Язык: Английский

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Application of Advanced Molecular Methods to Study Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(4), С. 2258 - 2258

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a global health issue, considered one of the primary causes neonatal mortality. Diagnosis EOS challenging because its clinical signs are nonspecific, and blood culture, which current gold-standard diagnostic tool, has low sensitivity. Commonly used biomarkers for diagnosis, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, lack specificity infection. Due to disadvantages culture other common biomarkers, ongoing efforts directed towards identifying innovative molecular approaches diagnose neonates at risk sepsis. This review aims gather knowledge recent research on these emerging methods. PCR-based techniques unrestricted based 16S rRNA sequencing 16S–23S gene interspace region offer several advantages. Despite their potential, not able replace cultures due limitations; however, they may prove valuable as complementary tests in diagnosis. Several microRNAs have been evaluated proposed EOS. T2 magnetic resonance bioinformatic analysis potential sepsis, though further studies essential validate findings.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of Claudin-2 tight junction protein levels in enterocytes of infants during the first months of life

Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics), Год журнала: 2025, Номер 69(6), С. 59 - 65

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

The non-specific symptoms of impaired tolerance to enteral feeding and the lack laboratory instrumental methods for early detection changes in intestinal permeability make timely assessment barrier newborns a complex clinical challenge. Identifying reliable specific markers that differentiate between functional gastrointestinal disorders stages surgical pathology is an area significant interest wide range specialists. Purpose. study aimed evaluate impact gestational age on serum levels Claudin-2, tight junction protein enterocytes, infants during first months life. Material methods. included 115 with ages (GA) ranging from 33 41 weeks (median GA 38.0 [36.0–39.0] weeks). were divided into two groups based GA: Group 1 (term infants, median 39.0 [38.0–40.0] weeks, n =80) 2 (preterm 35.0 [34.5–36.0] =35). Serum Claudin-2 measured life using Human CLDN2 enzyme immunoassay kit. Results. concentrations increased 3.434 [1.198; 7.866] ng/ml 10 days 5.147 [3.529; 8.211] ( p =0.02) by 1–1.5 months, most pronounced increase observed term (from 1.508 [1.004; 4.33] ng ml 4.302 [3.188; 5.776] ng/ml, <0.001). An inverse correlation was noted concentration (–0.507, <0.001), which weakened (–0.342, Additionally, higher preterm at postmenstrual 40–41 compared full-term birth Conclusion. findings demonstrate influence life, suggesting lower maturity, mediated variable expression.

Язык: Английский

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The Metabolome and the Gut Microbiota for the Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(18), С. 3859 - 3859

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2022

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most devastating gastrointestinal emergency in preterm neonates. Research on early predictive biomarkers fundamental. This a systematic review of studies applying untargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis to evaluate differences between neonates affected by NEC (Bell’s stage II or III), and/or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) versus healthy controls. Five (43 cases, 95 controls) 20 (254 651 controls, 22 term were selected. Metabolomic utilized NMR spectroscopy mass spectrometry. An urinary alanine/histidine ratio >4 showed good sensitivity value for one study. Samples collected proximity diagnosis demonstrated variable pathways potentially related NEC. In analysis, sequencing V3−V4 V3 V5 regions 16S rRNA was used technique. At phylum level, specimens characterized increased relative abundance Proteobacteria compared genus pre-NEC samples lack decreased Bifidobacterium. Finally, at species level Bacteroides dorei, Clostridium perfringens perfringens-like strains dominated specimens, whereas butyricum, neonatale Propionibacterium acnei those disease diagnosis. Six found lower Shannon diversity index cases than A clear separation from controls emerged based UniFrac metrics five out seven studies. Importantly, no SIP. Untargeted are interrelated strategies investigate pathophysiology identify potential biomarkers. Expression quantitative measurements, data sharing via biorepositories validation fundamental guarantee consistent comparison results.

Язык: Английский

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Endothelial FOXC1 and FOXC2 promote intestinal regeneration after ischemia–reperfusion injury

EMBO Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7)

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

Abstract Intestinal ischemia underlies several clinical conditions and can result in the loss of intestinal mucosal barrier. Ischemia‐induced damage to epithelium is repaired by stimulation stem cells (ISCs), paracrine signaling from vascular niche regulates regeneration. Here, we identify FOXC1 FOXC2 as essential regulators regeneration after ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Vascular endothelial cell (EC)‐ lymphatic EC (LEC)‐specific deletions Foxc1 , Foxc2 or both mice worsen I/R‐induced causing defects regrowth, expression chemokine CXCL12 Wnt activator R‐spondin 3 (RSPO3) blood ECs (BECs) LECs, respectively, activation ISCs. Both directly bind regulatory elements RSPO3 loci BECs respectively. Treatment with rescues EC‐ LEC‐ Foxc mutant mice, This study provides evidence that are required for stimulating signaling.

Язык: Английский

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The Footprint of Microbiome in Pediatric Asthma—A Complex Puzzle for a Balanced Development

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(14), С. 3278 - 3278

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023

Considered to be of greater complexity than the human genome itself, microbiome, structure body made up trillions bacteria, viruses, and fungi, has proven play a crucial role in context development pathological processes body, starting from various infections, autoimmune diseases, atopies, culminating its involvement some forms cancer, diagnosis that is considered most disabling for patient psychological point view. Therefore, being cornerstone understanding optimal treatment multitude ailments, body’s microbiome become an intensively studied subject scientific literature last decade. This review aims bring microbiome–asthma correlation date by classifying asthmatic patterns, emphasizing patterns perinatal period impact pulmonary dysbiosis on symptoms children. Likewise, effects intestinal reflected at level homeostasis internal environment through intestine–lung/vital organs axis, circumstances which it occurs, but also main methods studying bacterial variability used diagnostic purposes research should not omitted. In conclusion, we draw current future therapeutic lines worthy consideration both obtaining maintaining remission, as well delaying primary acute episodes preventing relapses.

Язык: Английский

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Early-life exposures and the microbiome: implications for IBD prevention

Gut, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. gutjnl - 330002

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023

The early-life period is one of microbiome establishment and immune maturation. Early-life exposures are increasingly being recognised to play an important role in IBD risk. composition functions the gut prenatal, perinatal, postnatal may be crucial towards development health or disease, including IBD, later life. We herein present a comprehensive summary interplay between factors perturbations, their association with risk IBD. In addition, we provide overview host external early life that known impact maturation implicated Considering emerging concept prevention, propose strategies minimise maternal offspring exposure potentially harmful variables recommend protective measures during pregnancy postpartum period. This holistic view signatures among mothers will help frame our current understanding importance pathogenesis roadmap for preventive strategies.

Язык: Английский

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