Making Ramón y Cajal proud: Development of cell identity and diversity in the cerebral cortex

Neuron, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(13), С. 2091 - 2111

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanics in the nervous system: From development to disease

Neuron, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 112(3), С. 342 - 361

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

Physical forces are ubiquitous in biological processes across scales and diverse contexts. This review highlights the significance of mechanical nervous system development, homeostasis, disease. We provide an overview signals present delve into mechanotransduction mechanisms translating these cues biochemical signals. During regulate a plethora processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, network formation, cortex folding. Forces then continue exerting their influence on physiological such as neuronal activity, glial function, interplay between different types. Notably, changes tissue mechanics manifest neurodegenerative diseases brain tumors, potentially offering new diagnostic therapeutic target opportunities. Understanding role cellular physiology pathology adds facet to neurobiology, shedding light many that remain incompletely understood.

Язык: Английский

---

Shaping the brain: The emergence of cortical structure and folding

Developmental Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 58(24), С. 2836 - 2849

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

The cerebral cortex-the brain's covering and largest region-has increased in size complexity humans supports higher cognitive functions such as language abstract thinking. There is a growing understanding of the human cortex, including diversity number cell types that it contains, well developmental mechanisms shape cortical structure organization. In this review, we discuss recent progress our molecular cellular processes, mechanical forces, regulate folding cortex. Advances genetics, coupled with experimental modeling gyrencephalic species, have provided insights into central role progenitors gyrification evolutionary expansion These studies are essential for emergence structural functional organization during development pathogenesis neurodevelopmental disorders associated malformations.

Язык: Английский

---

Multiple parallel cell lineages in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(13)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2024

Cortical neurogenesis follows a simple lineage: apical radial glia cells (RGCs) generate basal progenitors, and these produce neurons. How this occurs in species with expanded germinal zones folded cortex, such as human, remains unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing from individual cortical ferret barcoded lineage tracking to determine the molecular diversity of progenitor their lineages. identified multiple RGC classes that initiate parallel lineages, converging onto common class newborn neuron. Parallel transcriptomic trajectories were repeated across conserved but not mouse. Neurons followed differentiation gyrus sulcus, different expressions human malformation genes. Progenitor cell multiplicity is mammalian cerebral cortex.

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanisms of Development

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 77 - 169

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

From fossils to mind

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2023

Fossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, developmental plasticity. Through application interdisciplinary techniques fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on organization behaviors. Inferences development physiology extinct species can be experimentally investigated through organoids transgenic models based ancient DNA. Phylogenetic methods integrate data across associate genotypes phenotypes, Meanwhile, archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. cooperation, scientific community accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves availability rare fossils artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical available online databases, along with tools for their measurement analysis. In context these advances, paleoneurological provides ample opportunity future research. Biomedical ecological sciences benefit paleoneurology's approach understanding mind as well its novel research pipelines that establish connections between neuroanatomy, genes behavior.

Язык: Английский

---

Role of intracortical neuropil growth in the gyrification of the primate cerebral cortex

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 120(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2022

The convolutions of the mammalian cerebral cortex allow enlargement its surface and addition novel functional areas during evolution while minimizing expansion cranium. Cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, including microcephaly lissencephaly, are often associated with impaired gyrification. In classical model gyrification, area is initially set by number radial units, forces driving cortical folding include neuronal growth, formation neuropil, glial cell intercalation, patterned growth subcortical white matter. An alternative proposes that specified neurogenic hotspots outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) produce larger numbers neurons generate convexities cortex. This directly contradicts reports showing neurogenesis settling into plate primates, completed well prior to secondary tertiary gyri indeed most primary gyri. addition, main period oSVZ produces mainly astrocytes oligodendrocytes. Here we describe how rapid intracortical cells, matter primates responsible for post-neurogenic fetal development. Using immunohistochemistry markers proliferation progenitors combined transcriptomic analysis, show ventricular phased out transitions gliogenesis gyral summary, our data support gyrification provide insight pathogenesis congenital malformations.

Язык: Английский

---

Cell-type specific defects in PTEN-mutant cortical organoids converge on abnormal circuit activity

Human Molecular Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(18), С. 2773 - 2786

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

De novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders; however, it is unclear how this gene affect different cell types during human brain development these effects vary across individuals. Here, we used cortical organoids from donors to identify cell-type specific developmental events that affected by PTEN. We profiled individual single-cell RNA-seq, proteomics spatial transcriptomics revealed abnormalities timing outer radial glia progenitors deep-layer projection neurons, which varied the donor genetic background. Calcium imaging intact showed both accelerated delayed neuronal phenotypes resulted similar abnormal activity of local circuits, irrespective The work reveals donor-dependent, PTEN heterozygosity later converge on disrupted activity.

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanical hierarchy in the formation and modulation of cortical folding patterns

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

The important mechanical parameters and their hierarchy in the growth folding of human brain have not been thoroughly understood. In this study, we developed a multiscale model to investigate how interplay between initial geometrical undulations, differential tangential cortical plate, axonal connectivity form regulate patterns hierarchical order. To do so, different scenarios with bilayer spherical models that features undulations on cortex uniform or heterogeneous distribution fibers white matter were developed, statistically analyzed, validated by imaging observations. results showed is inducer folding, hierarchal order, high-amplitude surface substrate determine location gyri sulci. locations dense after settle rather than statistical also indicated there strong correlation positive (outward) negative (inward) sulci respectively. addition, 3-hinge gyral folds are strongly correlated fibers. As another finding, it was revealed density local gyrification index, which has observed studies but yet fundamentally explained. This study first step understanding linkage abnormal (surface morphology) disruption some disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Moreover, findings directly contribute concept regularity variability individual brains.

Язык: Английский

---

Biomechanical models and mechanisms of cellular morphogenesis and cerebral cortical expansion and folding

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 140, С. 90 - 104

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2022

Morphogenesis of the nervous system involves a highly complex spatio-temporal pattern physical forces (mainly tension and pressure) acting on cells tissues that are pliable but have an intricately organized cytoskeletal infrastructure. This review begins by covering basic principles biomechanics core toolkit used to regulate shapes during embryogenesis neural development. It illustrates how principle 'tensegrity' provides useful conceptual framework for understanding dynamically respond generated internally or applied externally. The latter part builds this foundation in considering development mammalian cerebral cortex. main focus is cortical expansion folding – processes take place over extended period prenatal postnatal Cortical likely involve many complementary mechanisms, some related regulating cell proliferation migration others specific types patterns mechanical pressure. Three distinct multi-mechanism models evaluated relation set 18 key experimental observations findings. Composite Tension Plus (CT+) model introduced as updated version previous multi-component Differential Expansion Sandwich (DES+) (Van Essen, 2020); new CT+ includes 10 mechanisms has greatest explanatory power among published date. Much needs be done order validate mechanistic components assess their relative importance different species, important directions future research suggested.

Язык: Английский

---