Animal Behaviour, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 221, С. 123069 - 123069
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Язык: Английский
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 115(5), С. 1243 - 1254
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
202
Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Abstract Obesity is now considered a chronic relapsing progressive disease, associated with increased all-cause mortality that scales bodyweight, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Excess body fat strongly excess energy intake, and most successful anti-obesity medications (AOMs) counter this positive balance through the suppression of eating to drive weight loss. Historically, AOMs have been characterised by modest loss side effects which are compliance-limiting, in some cases life-threatening. However, field obesity pharmacotherapy has entered new era based on analogues gut hormone neuropeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The latest versions these drugs elicit unprecedented levels clinical trials, starting be substantiated real-world usage. Notably, reduce primarily reducing via activation GLP-1 receptor multiple sites action CNS, although relevant action, neural circuits recruited remain contentious. Here we provide targeted synthesis recent developments neurobiology, highlighting studies advanced our understanding how signalling modulates eating, identify open questions future challenges believe still need addressed aid prevention and/or treatment obesity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Cell, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 76(9), С. 1209 - 1221
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2022
Abstract The obesity pandemic continues unabated despite a persistent public health campaign to decrease energy intake (“eat less”) and increase expenditure (“move more”). One explanation for this failure is that the current approach, based on notion of balance, has not been adequately embraced by public. Another possibility approach rests an erroneous paradigm. A new formulation balance model (EBM), like prior versions, considers overeating (energy > expenditure) primary cause obesity, incorporating emphasis “complex endocrine, metabolic, nervous system signals” control food below conscious level. This attributes rising prevalence inexpensive, convenient, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods high in fat sugar. An alternative view, carbohydrate-insulin (CIM), proposes hormonal responses highly processed carbohydrates shift partitioning toward deposition adipose tissue, leaving fewer calories available body’s metabolic needs. Thus, increasing adiposity causes compensate sequestered calories. Here, we highlight robust contrasts how EBM CIM view pathophysiology consider deficiencies impede paradigm testing refinement. Rectifying these should assume priority, as constructive clash needed resolve long-standing scientific controversies inform design models guide prevention treatment. Nevertheless, action need await resolution debate, both target major drivers obesity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
67
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(7), С. 546 - 556
Опубликована: Май 12, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
39
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 82(2), С. 142 - 156
Опубликована: Март 16, 2023
Adolescence is a pivotal, yet frequently overlooked, period of life, with this age group often no longer receiving the focus, care and protection devoted to other life stages. Nutritional vulnerability increases in adolescence due heightened nutritional requirements, quality diets consumed by deteriorates significantly. Poor-quality dietary patterns insufficient nutrient intakes are observed amongst adolescents both Ireland globally. This deterioration diet greatly influenced individual, social environmental determinants behaviour health. The influences each these factors change increase as begin interact independently surrounding world. Poor nutrition during can result several immediate long-term health consequences, including micronutrient deficiencies, increased risk overweight/obesity presentation cardiometabolic factors, all which have been persistent issues internationally. critical intervention protect youth now into their future lives. be particularly receptive influence society environment, posing avenues towards more health-promoting behaviour. review aims summarise key characteristics adolescents, provide an overview causes consequences poor adolescence, highlight potential opportunities for group, particular focus on evidence from Irish context.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
33
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Март 29, 2023
Abstract The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) integrates homeostatic processes and reward-motivated behaviors. Here we show that LHA neurons produce melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are dynamically responsive to both food-directed appetitive consummatory in male rats. Specifically, results reveal MCH neuron Ca 2+ activity increases response discrete contextual food-predictive cues is correlated with food-motivated responses. also during eating, this highly predictive of caloric consumption declines throughout a meal, thus supporting role for the positive feedback process known as appetition. These physiological neural responses functionally relevant chemogenetic activation promotes behavioral meal size. Finally, enhances preference noncaloric flavor paired intragastric glucose. Collectively, these data identify population orchestrates intake-promoting processes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
27
Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 100, С. 102414 - 102414
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13
Obesity Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(10)
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Summary Our understanding of the pathophysiology obesity remains at best incomplete despite a century research. During this time, two alternative perspectives have helped shape thinking about etiology disorder. The currently prevailing view holds that excessive fat accumulation results because energy intake exceeds expenditure, with food consumption being primary cause imbalance. other perspective attributes initiating to intrinsic metabolic defects shift fuel partitioning from pathways for mobilization and oxidation those synthesis storage. resulting reduction in trapping adipose tissue drives compensatory increase and, under some conditions, decrease expenditure. This theory pathogenesis has historically garnered relatively less attention its pedigree. Here, we present an updated comprehensive formulation theory, focused on evidence gathered over last 80 years major animal models showing redirection fluxes storage excess body equal or even than lean animals. aim is inform current discussions by so doing, help lay new foundations design more efficacious approaches research, treatment prevention.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11
Current Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(1), С. 147 - 157.e7
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022
Feeding behaviors depend on intrinsic and extrinsic factors including genetics, food palatability, the environment.1,2,3,4,5 The gut microbiota is a major environmental contributor to host physiology impacts feeding behavior.6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Here, we explored hypothesis that bacteria influence behavioral responses palatable foods reveal antibiotic depletion (ABX) of in mice results overconsumption several with conserved effects dynamics. Gut restoration via fecal transplant into ABX sufficient rescue high-sucrose pellets. Operant conditioning tests found exhibit intensified motivation pursue rewards. Accordingly, neuronal activity mesolimbic brain regions, which have been linked reward-seeking behavior,3 was elevated after consumption Differential treatment functional transplants identified specific bacterial taxa from family S24-7 genus Lactobacillus whose abundances associate suppression pellet consumption. Indeed, colonization johnsonii reduce pellets an antibiotic-induced model binge eating. These demonstrate influences can suppress response toward mice.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
34