Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review

Plants, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(2), С. 34 - 34

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2019

Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as is the main cause of biotic abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on agriculture a region. The land its being affected by changes different ways, e.g., variations annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications weeds, pests or microbes, global atmospheric CO2 ozone level, fluctuations sea level. threat varying has greatly driven attention scientists, these imparting negative impact crop production compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, considered most endangered activity adversely changes. To date, ecosystem resilience concerning subjects Climate-smart only way lower adaptation, before it might affect drastically. In this review paper, we summarize causes change, stresses produced due impacts crops, modern breeding technologies, biotechnological strategies cope order develop resilient crops. Revolutions genetic engineering techniques can also aid overcoming issues against extreme environmental conditions, producing transgenic plants.

Язык: Английский

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Plant drought stress tolerance: understanding its physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(1), С. 1912 - 1925

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Plants are vulnerable to many environmental constraints which include drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metals, etc., thereby posing damage the development and yield of major crops. Of these stresses, drought represents a severe threat plant productivity in agriculture. Drought stress reduces by affecting key metabolic pathways. The capability plants switch on or off series genes result alterations physiological morphological attributes, allowing escape, tolerate avoid stress. Different genes, transcription factors signal transduction pathways induced Advances genome editing technologies have revolutionized agriculture sector using more accurate engineering techniques for targeted crop traits. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology is robust efficient approach developing plant/crop varieties tolerant different climatic changes. use new like CRISPR facilitates creation species with improved tolerance. Thus this review aims elucidate basic responses mechanisms adaptation attainment

Язык: Английский

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Specialized metabolites: Physiological and biochemical role in stress resistance, strategies to improve their accumulation, and new applications in crop breeding and management

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 172, С. 48 - 55

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 69(13), С. 3293 - 3312

Опубликована: Март 1, 2018

Grain legumes form an important component of the human diet, provide feed for livestock, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Globally, demand food is increasing as they complement cereals in protein requirements possess a high percentage digestible protein. Climate change has enhanced frequency intensity drought stress, posing serious production constraints, especially rainfed regions where most are produced. Genetic improvement legumes, like other crops, mostly based on pedigree performance-based selection over past half century. To achieve faster genetic gains conditions, this review proposes integration modern genomics approaches, throughput phenomics, simulation modelling support crop that leads to improved varieties perform with appropriate agronomy. Selection intensity, generation interval, operational efficiencies breeding expected further enhance gain experimental plots. Improved seed access farmers, combined agronomic packages farmers' fields, will deliver higher gains. Enhanced gains, including not only productivity but also nutritional market traits, increase profitability farming availability affordable nutritious developing countries.

Язык: Английский

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PANOMICS meets germplasm

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(7), С. 1507 - 1525

Опубликована: Март 12, 2020

Summary Genotyping‐by‐sequencing has enabled approaches for genomic selection to improve yield, stress resistance and nutritional value. More more resource studies are emerging providing 1000 genotypes millions of SNPs one species covering a hitherto inaccessible intraspecific genetic variation. The larger the databases growing, better statistical will be available. However, there clear limitations on but also biological part. Intraspecific variation is able explain high proportion phenotypes, large part phenotypic plasticity stems from environmentally driven transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, translational, post‐translational, epigenetic metabolic regulation. Moreover, regulation same gene can have different outputs in environments. Consequently, understand environment‐dependent based available genotype we integrate analysis further molecular levels reflecting complete information flow metabolism phenotype. Interestingly, metabolomics platforms already cost‐effective than NGS decisive prediction value or resistance. Here, propose three fundamental pillars future breeding strategies framework Green Systems Biology: (i) combining genome with PANOMICS deep learning accuracy marker‐dependent trait performance; (ii) resolution at subtissue, cellular subcellular level provides about functions selected markers; (iii) editing speed tools accelerate enhance large‐scale functional validation trait‐specific precision breeding.

Язык: Английский

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Agricultural GMOs—What We Know and Where Scientists Disagree

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(5), С. 1514 - 1514

Опубликована: Май 10, 2018

Population growth, climate change, and increasing human impact on land aquatic systems all pose significant challenges for current agricultural practices. Genetic engineering is a tool to speed up breeding new varieties, which can help farmers adapt rapidly changing physical growing conditions, technology, global markets. We review the scientific literature present potential of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) from perspectives various stakeholders. GMOs increase yields, lower costs, reduce environmental footprint agriculture. The benefits this technology are shared among innovators, farmers, consumers. Developing countries poor gain substantially GMOs. Agricultural biotechnology diverse, with many applications having different impacts. Its regulation needs balance risks each application. Excessive precaution prevents benefits. Increasing access avoidance excessive will allow it reach its potential.

Язык: Английский

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Transcription factors involved in abiotic stress responses in Maize (Zea maysL.) and their roles in enhanced productivity in the post genomics era

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7, С. e7211 - e7211

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2019

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a principal cereal crop cultivated worldwide for human food, animal feed, and more recently as source of biofuel. However, direct consequence water insufficiency climate change, frequent occurrences both biotic abiotic stresses have been reported in various regions around the world, recently, this has become constant threat increasing global maize yields. Plants respond to by utilizing activities transcription factors (TFs), which are families genes coding specific TF proteins. target form regulon that involved repression/activation associated with stress responses. Therefore, it utmost importance systematic study on each family, downstream they regulate, multiple responses other staple crops.In review, main families, their regulons regulation will be briefly discussed. Great emphasis given improvement throughout although examples from different plants like rice, Arabidopsis, wheat, barley used.We described detail take part together regulons. Furthermore, we also utilization high-efficiency technologies characterization TFs regulatory networks an production. Examples these include next-generation sequencing, microarray analysis, machine learning, RNA-Seq.In conclusion, expected all information provided review time contribute use research, breeding, development new tolerant cultivars.

Язык: Английский

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Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9–targeted mutagenesis: An opportunity for yield improvements of crop plants grown under environmental stresses

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 131, С. 31 - 36

Опубликована: Март 12, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Recent Developments in CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing Technology Related to Plant Disease Resistance and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(7), С. 1037 - 1037

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2023

The revolutionary CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology has emerged as a powerful tool for plant improvement, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in making targeted gene modifications. This practical approach to genome editing offers tremendous opportunities crop surpassing the capabilities of conventional breeding techniques. article provides an overview recent advancements challenges associated with application improvement. potential terms developing crops enhanced resistance biotic abiotic stresses is highlighted, examples genes edited confer disease resistance, drought tolerance, salt cold tolerance. Here, we also discuss importance off-target effects efforts made mitigate them, including use shorter single-guide RNAs dual Cas9 nickases. Furthermore, alternative delivery methods, such protein- RNA-based approaches, are explored, they could potentially avoid integration foreign DNA into genome, thus alleviating concerns related genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We emphasize significance accelerating processes, reducing time costs, enabling introduction desired traits at nucleotide level. As field continues evolve, it anticipated that will remain prominent adaptation challenging environmental conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and nation’s economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on agricultural productivity nutritional quality food crops. Producing more with better quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates nutrient acquisition, transport, storage plant organs; cross-talk between macro- micronutrients transport signaling; profiling spatial temporal distribution; putative functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated Fe, Zn, β-carotene; global efforts breed nutrient-dense crops map adoption such globally. article also includes overview bioavailability, bioaccessibility, bioactivity nutrients as well molecular basis absorption human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) provitamin A-rich have been released Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice wheat, while ~3 sub-Saharan Africa Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, 2.6 people Brazil eat cassava. Furthermore, profiles can improved engineering agronomically acceptable background. development “Golden Rice” dessert bananas subsequent transfer this trait into locally adapted are evident, no significant profile, except for incorporated. A greater understanding may lead diet therapy betterment human health.

Язык: Английский

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