Abstract
Phenolic
compounds
are
key
to
plant
defence,
offering
protection
as
antioxidants,
UV
shields,
and
antimicrobials.
Their
production
is
largely
shaped
by
environmental
conditions.
It
believed
that
plants
at
lower
elevations
increase
phenolic
content
counter
herbivory,
while
those
higher
rely
on
phenolics
manage
abiotic
stresses,
such
climate
variability.
Microhabitat
warming
also
affects
levels,
but
responses
differ,
depending
broader
climatic
contexts:
in
warmer,
lower‐elevation
environments
show
limited
adaptability,
whereas
high‐elevation
demonstrate
greater
plasticity.
Despite
the
importance
of
these
interactions,
many
small‐scale
studies
lack
sufficient
spatial
replication
across
gradients
like
elevation
or
latitude,
large‐scale
frequently
overlook
microscale
factors.
This
study
investigated
effects
macroclimate
factors
microhabitat
Nardus
stricta
five
semi‐natural
grassland
sites
(1546–1875
m
a.s.l.)
Portugal's
Serra
da
Estrela.
Warming
was
simulated
using
open‐top
chambers
over
two
growing
seasons,
after
which
leaf
samples
were
analysed
for
compounds,
soil
nutrients
measured.
The
N.
highest
site
contained
significantly
flavonoid
concentrations.
led
a
significant
decrease
concentrations,
only
site.
These
occurred
independently
nutrient
suggesting
direct
thermal
stress
might
be
involved.
Our
findings
highlight
complex
interactions
between
macro‐
microenvironmental
shaping
chemistry,
underscoring
critical
considerations
resilience
face
change.
understanding
essential
developing
strategies
support
ecosystem
adaptation
changing
climates.
Abstract
Plants
have
evolved
a
complex
and
elaborate
signaling
network
to
respond
appropriately
the
pathogen
invasion
by
regulating
expression
of
defensive
genes
through
certain
transcription
factors.
The
APETALA2/ethylene
response
factor
(AP2/ERF)
family
members
been
determined
as
key
regulators
in
growth,
development,
stress
responses
plants.
Moreover,
growing
body
evidence
has
demonstrated
critical
roles
AP2/ERFs
plant
disease
resistance.
In
this
review,
we
describe
recent
advances
for
function
defense
against
microbial
pathogens.
We
summarize
that
are
involved
resistance
acting
downstream
mitogen
activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK)
cascades,
associated
with
hormonal
pathways,
biosynthesis
secondary
metabolites,
formation
physical
barriers
an
MAPK-dependent
or
-independent
manner.
present
review
provides
multidimensional
perspective
on
functions
resistance,
which
will
facilitate
understanding
future
investigation
immunity.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022
Plant
specialized
metabolites
(PSMs)
play
essential
roles
in
the
adaptation
to
harsh
environments
and
function
plant
defense
responses.
PSMs
act
as
key
components
of
defense-related
signaling
pathways
trigger
extensive
expression
genes.
In
addition,
serve
antioxidants,
participating
scavenging
rapidly
rising
reactive
oxygen
species,
chelators,
chelation
toxins
under
stress
conditions.
include
nitrogen-containing
chemical
compounds,
terpenoids/isoprenoids,
phenolics.
Each
category
secondary
has
a
specific
biosynthetic
pathway,
including
precursors,
intermediates,
end
products.
The
basic
representative
are
summarized,
providing
potential
target
enzymes
stress-mediated
regulation
Multiple
metabolic
share
same
origin,
common
frequently
be
targets
regulation.
Most
controlled
by
different
environmental
genetic
factors.
Here,
we
summarized
effects
factors,
abiotic
biotic
stresses,
on
PSM
biosynthesis
various
plants.
We
also
discuss
positive
negative
transcription
factors
involved
pathways.
genes
stress-related
were
summarized.
further
found
that
downstream
these
Transcription
(TFs)
enriched
synthesis
pathway
suggesting
an
effective
role
precursors
enhancing
terminal
present
review
provides
valuable
insights
regarding
screening
regulators
PSM-mediated
protection
non-model
Abstract
Ancient
trees
are
natural
wonders
because
of
their
longevity,
having
lived
for
hundreds
or
thousands
years,
and
ability
to
withstand
changing
environments
a
variety
stresses.
These
long-lived
have
sophisticated
defense
mechanisms,
such
as
the
production
specialized
plant
metabolites
(SPMs).
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
major
biotic
abiotic
stresses
that
often
face,
well
analysis
renowned
ancient
tree
species
unique
protective
SPMs
against
environmental
stressors.
We
also
discuss
synthesis
accumulation
defensive
induced
by
factors
endophytes
in
these
trees.
Furthermore,
conducted
comparative
genomic
17
discovered
significant
expansions
SPM
biosynthesis
gene
families
species.
Our
comprehensive
review
reveals
crucial
role
high
resistance
trees,
providing
novel
resource
defense,
crop
improvement
even
pharmaceutical
industry.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(4), С. 794 - 794
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022
Given
the
general
beneficial
effects
of
antioxidants-rich
foods
on
human
health
and
disease
prevention,
there
is
a
continuous
interest
in
plant
secondary
metabolites
conferring
attractive
colors
to
fruits
grains
responsible,
together
with
others,
for
nutraceutical
properties.
Cereals
Solanaceae
are
important
components
diet,
thus,
they
main
targets
functional
food
development
by
exploitation
genetic
resources
metabolic
engineering.
In
this
review,
we
focus
impact
cereal
derived
analyzing
natural
biodiversity
biotechnological
strategies
aiming
at
increasing
antioxidant
level
fruits,
agronomic
practices
processing
properties
combined
current
state
pre-clinical
clinical
studies.
Despite
strong
evidence
vitro
animal
studies
supporting
diets
preventing
diseases,
still
not
sufficient
prove
rich
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(10), С. 7842 - 7842
Опубликована: Май 10, 2023
This
study
aims
to
the
impact
of
environmental
stresses
on
chemical
compositions
essential
oils
and
content
secondary
metabolites
plants
most
used
by
rural
population:
Thymus
vulgaris,
Mentha
pulégium
Rosmarinus
officinalis.
The
results
indicate
that
percentage
increased
in
second
year
when
temperature
water
pressure
50%.
Specifically,
coumarin
from
3.94%
9.23%,
saponins
6.17%
7.78%,
tannins
2.90%
6.12%,
alkaloids
6.72%
15.95%,
flavonoids
7.42%
12.90%.
However,
fourth
year,
continued
increase,
availability
decreased
75%,
leading
a
decrease
rate
metabolites.
Coumarin
9.22%
6.15%,
saponin
7.80%
6.79%,
tannin
6.11%
4.16%,
15.95%
10.45%,
12.90%
9.70%.
Similar
were
observed
for
oil
yield,
which
two
3.57%
3.84%
four
1.04%.
same
pattern
was
gas
chromatography
analysis
three
samples
showed
majority
compounds
modified
under
conditions
climate
change.
For
pulégium,
pulegone
found
represent
highest
proportion
sample
(73.3%),
followed
one
(71.1%),
finally,
(61.8%).
officinalis,
cineole
camphor,
with
representing
36%
two,
45.89%
one,
43.08%
three,
camphor
21.44%
21.56%
17.44%
one.
Thymol
Carvacrol,
underwent
approximately
modifications
as
other
plants.
can
lead
significant
changes
these
compounds,
affect
medicinal
aromatic
properties
findings
this
highlight
need
more
research
understand
impacts
change
plant
species
potential
implications
human
health
well-being.
