New Insights into Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2973 - 2973

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

The endothelium is a monocellular layer covering the inner surface of blood vessels. It maintains vascular homeostasis regulating tone and permeability exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-thrombotic functions. When exposed to detrimental stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, neurohormonal imbalance, different biological pathways are activated leading oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased secretion adipokines, cytokines, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, reduced nitric oxide production, eventually loss integrity. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as hallmark dysmetabolic impairment contributes effects on cardiac metabolism diastolic development cardiovascular diseases heart failure. Different biomarkers have been proposed predict in order identify microvascular macrovascular damage atherosclerosis, particularly metabolic disorders. also plays an important role severe COVID-19 complications patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms involved dysregulation context cardiometabolic well available promising clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 134(12), С. 1767 - 1790

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024

Autoimmunity significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of myocarditis, underscored by its increased frequency in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis. Even cases myocarditis caused viral infections, dysregulated immune responses contribute pathogenesis. However, whether triggered existing conditions or precise antigens immunologic pathways driving remain incompletely understood. The emergence associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy, commonly used for treating cancer, has afforded an opportunity understand mechanisms autoreactive T cells specific cardiac myosin playing a pivotal role. Despite their self-antigen recognition, myosin-specific can be present healthy individuals due bypassing thymic selection stage. In recent studies, novel modalities suppressing activity pathogenic including have proven effective myocarditis. This review offers overview current understanding heart antigens, autoantibodies, underlying various forms along latest updates on clinical management prospects future research.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac events and procedures following COVID-19 compared with other pneumonias: a national register study

Open Heart, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1), С. e002914 - e002914

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Background Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiac disease following COVID-19, but how it compares to pneumonia other etiologies is unclear. Aims To determine the incidence and HRs in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 compared viral or bacterial pneumonias. Methods Using nationwide registry data, we estimated events after hospitalisation (n=2082) February November 2020 vs (n=9018) (n=29 339) 2018–2019. We defined outcomes using ICD-10 codes for incident myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation/flutter, heart failure, ischaemic disease, total (any condition). used Cox regression logistic analysis. Results Patients had a mean (SD) age 60 (18) years, 69 (19) years 72 (17) pneumonia. Those were more often male fewer comorbidities prior hospitalisations. lower hazard new-onset (HR 0.79 [95%CI 0.66 0.93]) 0.57 0.78]), adjusted age, sex, comorbidity, hospital admission year respiratory support. similar when including recurrent events. Conclusion during first 9 months pneumonias adjusting multiple possible confounders. However, there may still be residual confounding from unknown factors.

Язык: Английский

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The fate and role of the pericytes in myocardial diseases

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(8)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

The adult mammalian heart contains a large population of pericytes that play important roles in homeostasis and disease. In the normal heart, regulate microvascular permeability flow. Myocardial diseases are associated with marked alterations pericyte phenotype function. This review manuscript discusses role cardiac Following myocardial infarction (MI), participate all phases repair. During inflammatory phase, may secrete cytokines chemokines leukocyte trafficking, through formation intercellular gaps serve as exit points for cells. Moreover, contraction induces constriction, contributing to pathogenesis 'no-reflow' ischemia reperfusion. proliferative activated by growth factors, such transforming factor (TGF)-β contribute fibrosis, predominantly secretion fibrogenic mediators. A fraction acquires fibroblast identity but contributes only small percentage infarct fibroblasts myofibroblasts. As scar matures, form coat around neovessels, promoting stabilization vasculature. Pericytes also be involved chronic failure, regulating inflammation, angiogenesis perfusion. targets viral infections (such SARS-CoV2) implicated complications COVID19. Considering their fibrosis angiogenesis, promising therapeutic

Язык: Английский

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A Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for The Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024

Various symptoms have been reported to persist beyond acute phase of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is referred as long disease 19 (long COVID-19). Over 65 million individuals suffer from COVID-19. However, the causes COVID-19 largely unknown. Since are observed throughout body, vascular endothelial dysfunction may be a strong candidate induce The angioten-sin-converting enzyme (ACE2), entry receptor SARS-CoV-2, ubiquitously expressed in cells. We previously found that risk factors for athero-sclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) and history ASCVD can COVID-19, suggesting contribution pre-existing Here, we show significant association with development biomarkers patients also crucial players ASCVD. consider influence on chronic kidney (CKD) Furthermore, suggest therapeutic interventions by considering treatment tar-gets Such prevent pandemic CKD post era.

Язык: Английский

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The Eye of the Storm: Investigating the Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 and Variants

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(17), С. 2154 - 2154

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2023

COVID-19 had stormed through the world in early March of 2019, and on 5 May 2023, SARS-CoV-2 was officially declared to no longer be a global health emergency. The rise new variants XBB.1.5 XBB.1.16, product recombinant sub-strains, has fueled need for continued surveillance pandemic as they have been deemed increasingly infectious. Regardless severity variant, this caused an increase hospitalizations, strain resources, concern public health. In addition, there is growing population patients experiencing cardiovascular complications result post-acute sequelae COVID-19. This review aims focus what known about its past (Alpha, Delta, Omicron) how knowledge grown today with emerging variants, emphasis complexities. We possible mechanisms that cause observations chronic cardiac conditions seen even after recovered from infection. Further understanding these will help close gap differences between effects variants.

Язык: Английский

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The Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for the Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 965 - 965

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Various symptoms have been reported to persist beyond the acute phase of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is referred as long disease 19 (long COVID-19). Over 65 million individuals suffer from COVID-19. However, causes COVID-19 are largely unknown. Since observed throughout body, vascular endothelial dysfunction a strong candidate explaining induction The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ubiquitously expressed in cells. We previously found that risk factors atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) and history ASCVD raise COVID-19, suggesting contribution pre-existing Here, we show significant association with development biomarkers patients also crucial players ASCVD. consider influence on chronic kidney (CKD) Future assessments outcomes resulting therapeutic interventions improve function may imply significance

Язык: Английский

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Plasma miR‐1‐3p levels predict severity in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients

British Journal of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2024

Background and Purpose Accumulating evidence suggests circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of biological processes involved in COVID‐19 complications. We sought to assess whether miRNAs associated with clinical phenotype outcome. Experimental Approach To discover signatures disease severity mortality, miRNA quantification was performed on plasma samples collected at hospital admission from a cohort 106 patients mild or severe COVID‐19. Variable importance projection scoring partial least squared discriminant analysis Random Forest Classifier were employed identify key severity. ROC detect promising able discriminate between COVID status. Key Results Hsa‐miR‐1‐3p the most differentiating who developed severe, rather than mild, disease. levels rose increasing severity, highest prolonged length stay worse survival. Longitudinal profiling demonstrated that hsa‐miR‐1‐3p expression significantly increased during acute infection compared those observed 6 months after onset. Specific blockade miR‐1‐3p SARS‐CoV‐2–infected endothelial cells decreased up‐regulation genes endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, inflammation thrombosis. Furthermore, inhibition reversed impaired angiogenic capacity induced by Conclusion Implications Our data establish novel role for pathogenesis provide strong rationale its usefulness as early prognostic biomarkers status

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in coronavirus disease 2019 myocarditis

Current Opinion in Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35, С. 100704 - 100704

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023

Myocarditis is frequently caused by viral infections, but animal models that closely resemble human disease suggest virus-triggered autoimmune the most likely cause of myocarditis. a rare condition occurs primarily in men under age 50. The incidence myocarditis rose at least 15x during COVID-19 pandemic from 1-10 to 150-400 cases/100,000 individuals, with cases occurring vaccination was also associated young 50 years an as high individuals reported for some mRNA vaccines. Sex differences immune response are virtually identical mechanisms known drive sex pre-COVID based on clinical studies and models. many similarities between vaccine-associated non-COVID common disease.

Язык: Английский

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The emerging role of heart‐on‐a‐chip systems in delineating mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced cardiac dysfunction

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3)

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2023

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been a major global health concern since its emergence in 2019, with over 680 million confirmed cases as of April 2023. While COVID‐19 strongly associated the development cardiovascular complications, specific mechanisms by which viral infection induces myocardial dysfunction remain largely controversial studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 can lead to heart failure both directly, causing damage cells, and indirectly, triggering an inflammatory response throughout body. In this review, we summarize current understanding potential drive based on vitro studies. We also discuss significance three‐dimensional heart‐on‐a‐chip technology context future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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