The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(15), С. 3368 - 3368

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it worth exploring this aspect CVD prevention therapy. aim article to assess potential ketogenic in treatment CVD. comprehensive, meticulous analysis literature area, taking recent studies currently available. has been shown have multifaceted effect on Among other aspects, beneficial blood lipid profile, even compared diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory cardioprotective potential, which due, among factors, properties state ketosis, elimination simple sugars, restriction total carbohydrates supply omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also function vascular endothelium, including improving inhibiting premature ageing. pressure risk factors through, weight loss. evidence cited often superior standard diets, making likely advantages over dietary models diseases. There legitimate need further research area.

Язык: Английский

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Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality among hypertension patients

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density ratio (NHHR) reflects the balance between pro- and anti-atherogenic lipoproteins. This study aims explore relationship NHHR mortality among hypertension patients. Data from 17,075 hypertensive adults in National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Multivariate Cox regression restricted cubic splines used assess correlation mortality. A segmented model evaluated threshold effects, sensitivity analyses confirmed result robustness. Machine learning algorithms establish a prediction model. Over median follow-up of 84 months, 3625 deaths occurred. U-shaped association was observed both all-cause cardiovascular mortality, with values at 2.32 2.65. Below these thresholds, negatively associated while above thresholds positively associated. classified as an important variable model, random survival forest (rsf) algorithm showing superior performance. identified patients, points 2.65, indicating that is potential predictor patients hypertension.

Язык: Английский

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The Present and Future of Lipid Testing in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Clinical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 69(5), С. 456 - 469

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Abstract Background Lipids play a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Plasma lipids lipoproteins are routinely measured to help identify individuals at high risk developing CVD monitor patients’ response therapy. The landscape lipid testing is rapidly changing, including new ways estimate traditional parameters (e.g., low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] calculations) that show superiority for prediction non-high-density [non-HDL-C], apolipoprotein B [apoB], lipoprotein [Lp(a)]). Content Various national guidelines managing dyslipidemia prevent available, which primarily focus on LDL-C identifying those setting thresholds optimal However, can be calculated various ways, each with advantages disadvantages. Importantly, recently established Sampson–NIH equation appears superior preceding calculations, as clear from literature guidelines. There now shift towards using other than LDL-C, such non-HDL-C, apoB, Lp(a), high-risk patients and/or establish treatment targets. Summary goal this review discuss present future assessment through describing clinical guidelines, critically reviewing methods calculate measure discussing utility additional parameters.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: trans-ancestry linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(12), С. 1207 - 1215

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the optimal LDL-C level with regard to efficacy and safety remains unclear. We aimed investigate causal relationships between outcomes.We analyzed 353 232 British from UK Biobank 41 271 Chinese China-PAR project. Linear non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed evaluate relation genetically proxied CAD, all-cause mortality, outcomes (including haemorrhagic stroke, diabetes mellitus, overall cancer, non-cardiovascular death, dementia). No significant associations observed (Cochran Q P > 0.25 in Chinese) levels above minimum values of 50 20 mg/dL Chinese, respectively. MR demonstrated positive association CAD [British: odds ratio (OR) per unit mmol/L increase, 1.75, = 7.57 × 10-52; Chinese: OR, 2.06, 9.10 10-3]. Furthermore, stratified restricted individuals less than guideline-recommended 70 lower associated higher adverse events, including stroke (British: 0.72, 0.03) dementia 0.75, 0.03).In populations, we confirmed linear dose-response relationship found potential concerns at low levels, providing recommendations monitoring events people prevention cardiovascular disease.We used method estimate project.We rather disease.There are dementia) who have levels.

Язык: Английский

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Does Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Protect Against Cardiovascular Disease?

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 109(2), С. 321 - 332

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Abstract High-density lipoprotein (HDL) contributes to reverse cholesterol transport, which is 1 of the main explanations for described inverse association between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, efforts therapeutically raise HDL-C levels with niacin, fibrates, or cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors have not demonstrated a reduction in ASCVD events when compared placebo among individuals treated statins. Furthermore, mendelian randomization studies suggest that unlikely be direct biologic variable impacting More recently, observations from well-conducted epidemiologic indicated nonlinear U-shaped relationship subclinical atherosclerosis, very high (≥80 mg/dL men, ≥100 women) paradoxically associated higher all-cause ASCVD-related mortality. These universal protective factor atherosclerosis. Thus, there are several opportunities reframing contribution risk related clinical calculators. Here, we examine our growing understanding its role assessment, treatment, prevention. We discuss biological functions normative values relation demographics lifestyle markers. then summarize original observed more recent evidence indicating an elevated at levels. Through this process, advance discussion regarding future assessment identify knowledge gaps pertaining precise atherosclerosis ASCVD.

Язык: Английский

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High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Exploring and Explaining the “U”-Shaped Curve

Current Cardiology Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(12), С. 1725 - 1733

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Extended-release metformin improves cognitive impairment in frail older women with hypertension and diabetes: preliminary results from the LEOPARDESS Study

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Abstract Background Women have a high risk of frailty independently age and menopause state. Diabetes hypertension increase the cognitive impairment. Metformin has been employed in post-menopausal women some reports shown encouraging effects terms attenuated frailty. However, impact on performance recently introduced extended-release formulation metformin never explored. Methods We studied consecutive frail hypertensive diabetic older presenting at ASL (local health authority Italian Ministry Health) Avellino, Italy, from June 2021 to August 2022, who were treated or not with metformin. included control group males diabetes regular Results A total 145 patients successfully completed study. At end 6-month follow-up, we observed significantly different compared baseline (p: 0.007). Then, follow-up groups significant differences between vs. untreated 0.041), men 0.016), 0.048). confirmed crucial role applying multivariable logistic analysis adjust for potential confounders. Conclusions evidenced, first time best our knowledge, favorable impairment hypertension.

Язык: Английский

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The Association between Magnesium Depletion Score and Hypertension in US Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018)

Biological Trace Element Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 202(10), С. 4418 - 4430

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Association of atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglycerides‐glucose index with hypertension: A gender‐disaggregated analysis

Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(6), С. 645 - 655

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Abstract This study assessed the association between atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index prevalence of hypertension among MASHAD cohort participants. In this cross‐sectional study, participants were divided into hypertensive non‐hypertensive subjects. The UHR TyG two groups compared. Logistic regression analyses used determine associations these indices with in both sex. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was establish cut‐off values for differentiating from p ‐values < .05 considered statistically significant. Data related 9675 subjects (3035 6640 non‐hypertensive) analyzed. mean significantly higher ( .001) hypertensives compared non‐hypertensives. After adjustment potential confounders, men, (OR = 1.360; 95% CI: 1.210–1.530; remained an independent factor hypertension. Among women, atherogenic plasma 1.005; 1.002–1.007; .001), 1.043; 1.026–1.060; 1.519; 1.376–1.677; factors ROC revealed that compare other had a better predictive value sex, especially women.

Язык: Английский

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Differences in HDL-related mortality risk between individuals with and without hypertension: a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(10), С. 951 - 959

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Very high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been paradoxically linked to increased mortality risk. The present study aimed examine associations HDL-C and varied sizes the HDL particle (HDL-P) with risk stratified by hypertension.This prospective cohort included 429 792 participants (244 866 hypertension 184 926 without hypertension) from UK Biobank. During a median follow-up 12.7 years, 23 993 (9.8%) 8142 (4.4%) deaths occurred among individuals hypertension, respectively. A U-shaped association all-cause was observed in after multivariable adjustment, whereas an L-shape hypertension. Compared normal 50-70 mg/dL, those very (>90 mg/dL) had significantly higher (hazard ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-1.61), but not (1.05, 0.91-1.22). As for HDL-P, larger size HDL-P positively smaller negatively associated mortality. After additional adjustment model, between altered hypertension.The existed only Moreover, at likely driven HDL-P.This examined potential modification on (HDL-C), especially level, mortality.Very were hypertension.In level attributed which directly An inverse HDL-P.

Язык: Английский

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