Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(6), С. 5467 - 5487

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Physical activity is integral to metabolic health, particularly in addressing insulin resistance and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies consistently demonstrate a strong association between physical levels sensitivity. Regular exercise interventions were shown significantly improve glycemic control, highlighting recommended therapeutic strategy for reducing resistance. inactivity closely linked islet cell insufficiency, exacerbating through various pathways including ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative inflammation. Conversely, training preserve restore function, enhancing peripheral Exercise stimulate β-cell proliferation increased circulating of growth factors, further emphasizing its role maintaining pancreatic health glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sedentary lifestyles contribute elevated stress ceramide production, impairing signaling induces anti-inflammatory responses, enhances antioxidant defenses, promotes thereby improving sensitivity efficiency. Encouraging individuals adopt active engage regular crucial preventing managing disorders, ultimately promoting overall well-being.

Язык: Английский

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Visceral adipose tissue mediates the relationship between left ventricular global longitudinal strain and insulin resistance among adults living with type 2 diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Adipose tissue distribution plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular complications. In particular, visceral adipose (VAT) has been linked to insulin resistance (IR) and disease (CVD). However, relationship between VAT, cardiac dysfunction meditation capacity VAT related IR not fully characterized. This cross-sectional study included adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). was measured using electrical bioimpedance also estimated Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF). LV function assessed left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) by speckle tracking echocardiography analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients, adjusted linear regression models guided direct acyclic diagrams causal mediation analysis were performed. Among 195 T2D (median age: 57, IQR: 49–64, women: 63%), showed positive association LV-GLS (β = 0.482, 95% CI: 0.060–0.904, p 0.039) after adjusting relevant confounders. The effect strongly replicated METS-VF as surrogate VAT. revealed that accounted 60.9% (95% 15.82–171) total LV-GLS. demonstrated consistently observed clinical METS-VF. adiposity identified strong mediator LV-GLS, underscoring its pathophysiology patients T2D. Summary main results study. Abbreviations: T2D: Type diabetes, Left-ventricular strain; VAT: tissue; METS-VF, Fat.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update

Medicina, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 61(1), С. 83 - 83

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or resistance initiates syndrome. The prevalence of increasing all over the world. Insulin results in defective metabolism carbohydrates lipids, addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. associated with syndrome, which risk factor for number pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), polycystic ovarian (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding many loci linked these diseases others. In this review, we discuss its contribution diseases. We also genetic them. Genetic testing invaluable identification stratification susceptible populations and/or individuals. After individuals been identified via screening, lifestyle modifications regular exercise, weight loss, healthy diet, smoking cessation can reduce prevent pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Association of the triglyceride glucose index with all cause and CVD mortality in the adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Although the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been established as a valuable predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, there is limited research exploring its association with all-cause or CVD mortality specifically in adults diabetes aged < 65 years without disease. This study aimed to investigate relationship between TyG both this population within United States. Our recruited 1778 from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking Death Index (NDI) records up December 31, 2019. Cox regression modeling was employed examine population. The nonlinear assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, subgroup analyses interaction tests conducted explore potential effect modifiers. A total of 1788 participants included final cohort, an average age 49.61 ± 0.32 years. During median follow-up 7.92 years, occurrence 150 deaths 33 CVD-related recorded. To independent risks three models developed. In Model 1, significant positive observed risk (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.74). persisted minimally adjusted model 1.44, 1.13–1.83), which age, gender race. Even after full adjustment, remained 1.91, 1.36–2.70). We also found that linear. Subgroup revealed no interactions stratification variables. However, we did not observe results suggested significantly mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Prognostic significance of triglyceride-glucose index in acute coronary syndrome patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

Abstract Background A significant percentage of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs) are being identified. Nonetheless, the prognostic influence TyG index on adverse events in this type patient remains unexplored. The aim study was to assess value among ACS SMuRFs for predicting outcomes. Methods This involved 1140 consecutive who were diagnosed at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between May 2018 and December 2020 underwent angiography. Each followed up a period 35 66 months after discharge. objective examine major cardiac cerebrovascular (MACCE), which included all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, as well ischemia-driven revascularization. Results During median follow-up 48.3 months, 220 (19.3%) MACCE occurred. average age participants 59.55 ± 10.98 years, 8.67 0.53. In fully adjusted model, when considering either continuous/categorical variable, associations outcomes observed. Specifically, each 1 deviation increase within highest group, there hazard ratio (HR) 1.245 (95% confidence interval CI 1.030, 1.504) 1.303 1.026, 1.653) revascularization (both P < 0.05), analyzed continuous variable. Similarly, examined categorical HR CI) group 1.693 1.051, 2.727) (P 0.05) while 1.855 0.998, 3.449) = 0.051). Additionally, found be associated poor prognosis subgroup. Conclusion is correlated SMuRFs, suggesting that it may an independent predictive factor these individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Novel Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia(a)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(17), С. 13622 - 13622

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2023

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, predisposing to major events, including coronary heart stroke, aortic valve calcification and abdominal aneurysm. Lp(a) differentiated from other lipoprotein molecules through apolipoprotein(a), which possesses atherogenic antithrombolytic properties attributed its structure. levels are mostly genetically predetermined influenced by the size of LPA gene variants, with smaller isoforms resulting in greater synthesis rate apo(a) and, ultimately, elevated levels. As result, serum may highly vary extremely low high. Hyperlipoproteinemia(a) defined as > 30 mg/dL US >50 Europe. Because association CVD, should be measured at least once lifetime adults. The ultimate goal identify individuals increased CVD intervene accordingly. Traditional pharmacological interventions like niacin, statins, ezetimibe, aspirin, PCSK-9 inhibitors, mipomersen, estrogens CETP inhibitors have not yet yielded satisfactory results. mean reduction, if any, barely 50% all agents, statins increasing levels, whereas reduction 80–90% appears required achieve significant decrease events. Novel RNA-interfering agents that specifically target hepatocytes aimed this direction. Pelacarsen an antisense oligonucleotide, while olpasiran, LY3819469 SLN360 small interfering RNAs, conjugated N-acetylgalactosamine molecule. Their objective silence LPA, reduce production lower Evidence thus so far demonstrates monthly subcutaneous administration single dose yields optimal results persisting substantial reductions potentially enhancing reduction. achieved novel RNA exceed 95%. ongoing future clinical trials eagerly anticipated, it hoped guidelines tailored management these off.

Язык: Английский

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The Current and Future Role of Insulin Therapy in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Diabetes Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(5), С. 1085 - 1098

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Early initiation of intensive insulin therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in controlling glycemia and possibly preserving beta-cell function. Innovations formulations delivery systems continue. However, we have seen an acceleration the development new classes diabetes medications for individuals with type 2 obesity, such as, example, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). These shown confer significant benefits achieving good glycemic control reduced hypoglycemia risk, weight loss, cardiorenal protection. Therefore, it is reasonable question whether there still a role management diabetes. are clear limitations inherent GLP-1 RA therapy, including high rates suboptimal adherence treatment discontinuation due cost side effects, which diminish long-term efficacy, supply issues. In addition, newer improvements convenience tolerability, even more when used conjunction basal insulin. this narrative review, discuss current evidence that supports use combination potential pitfalls reliance on RAs as substitute therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammation Indexes Are Useful in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(7), С. 2120 - 2120

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is a globally increasing pathological condition leading to long-term health issues such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed determine the clinical value of Complete Blood Count-derived inflammation indexes Monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR), Lymphocyte/HDL-C (LHR), Neutrophil/HDL-C (NHR), System Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) predict presence its association with risk markers (HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C, non-HDL-C) in children adolescents obesity. Methods: The included total 552 children/adolescents severe (BMI: 36.4 [32.7–40.7] kg/m2; 219 males, 333 females; age: 14.8 [12.9−16.3] years), who were further subdivided based on or absence (MetS+ MetS respectively). Results: MHR, LHR, NHR (p < 0.0001), but not SIRI = 0.524), significantly higher MetS+ compared MetS− subgroup, showing positive correlation degree severity 0.0001). Furthermore, positively associated cardiometabolic biomarkers (HOMA-IR: MHR p 0.000, LHR 0.001, 0.0001; TG/HDL-C: 0.000; non-HDL-C: 0.0001, 0.000). Finally, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that among analyzed indexes, only had diagnostic distinguishing patients (MHR: AUC 0.7045; LHR: 0.7205; NHR: 0.6934; Conclusions: In conclusion, index, can be considered useful tools for pediatricians assess develop multidisciplinary intervention strategies counteract widespread disease.

Язык: Английский

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The role of the triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of cardio-metabolic syndromes

Lipids in Health and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024

The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index represents a simple, cost-effective, and valid proxy for insulin resistance. This surrogate marker has also been proposed as predictor of metabolic cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this descriptive review, we aimed to assess the utility TyG predictive biomarker cardiometabolic diseases. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web Science identify cross-sectional more importantly prospective studies examining use biomarker. following terms were utilized addition index: "insulin resistance", "metabolic syndrome", "diabetes"; "cardiovascular diseases". review included thirty studies. Following adjustment confounding variables, an elevated associated with significantly increased risk development Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, CVD. Also limited studies, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress pro-inflammatory phenotype. Overall, our findings support developing MetS, T2DM, well atherosclerotic disease.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of the triglyceride-glucose index on the deterioration of kidney function in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insight from a large cohort study in China

Renal Failure, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 47(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a credible surrogate indicator of insulin resistance in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG and deterioration kidney function patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome.

Язык: Английский

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