A neural network model of hippocampal contributions to category learning

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023

In addition to its critical role in encoding individual episodes, the hippocampus is capable of extracting regularities across experiences. This ability central category learning, and a growing literature indicates that indeed makes important contributions this form learning. Using neural network model mirrors anatomy hippocampus, we investigated mechanisms by which may support novel We simulated three learning paradigms evaluated network's categorize recognize specific exemplars each. found trisynaptic pathway within hippocampus-connecting entorhinal cortex dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1-was for remembering exemplar-specific information, reflecting rapid binding pattern separation capabilities circuit. The monosynaptic from CA1, contrast, specialized detecting define structure exemplars, supported use distributed representations relatively slower rate. Together, simulations provide an account how constituent pathways

Язык: Английский

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Integrating and fragmenting memories under stress and alcohol

Neurobiology of Stress, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30, С. 100615 - 100615

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Stress can powerfully influence the way we form memories, particularly extent to which they are integrated or situated within an underlying spatiotemporal and broader knowledge architecture. These different representations in turn have significant consequences for use these memories guide later behavior. Puzzlingly, although stress has historically been argued promote fragmentation, leading disjoint memory representations, more recent work suggests that also facilitate binding integration. Understanding circumstances under fosters integration will be key resolving this discrepancy unpacking mechanisms by shape Here, examine at multiple levels: linking together content of individual experience, threading associations between related but distinct events, experience into a pre-existing schema sense causal structure. We discuss neural cognitive each as well findings regarding how stress, aversive learning, negative affect modulate each. In analysis, uncover indeed level show may apply understanding effects alcohol, highlighting extant clinical preclinical opportunities further investigation. Finally, consider implications fragmentation memory-guided behavior, importance type representation is potentiated order design appropriate interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing retrieval capacity of the predictive brain through dorsolateral prefrontal cortex intervention

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Extracting spatial or temporal patterns across experiences is essential for skill acquisition and predictive processes. The prefrontal cortex plays a central role in regulating competitive cognitive systems, with particular influence on executive functions, often opposing statistical learning. This regulatory function may account observed improvements the consolidation of regularities following inhibition dorsolateral via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, whether access to previously acquired knowledge can similarly benefit from remains unclear. preregistered study investigated cortex's retrieving pre-existing regularities. Healthy human participants engaged an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task followed by 24-h period. Before retesting, they received either 1 Hz stimulation sham over left, right, bilateral 10 min. We that retrieval was enhanced Bilateral group compared Sham group. Our findings suggest facilitate knowledge, particularly when interhemispheric compensatory mechanisms are limited. These insights advance our understanding dynamic neural background inform strategies enhancement.

Язык: Английский

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Attachment as Prediction: Insights From Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Early caregiving experiences have strong, persistent links to emotion regulation. In this article we offer a view that the content represented in emotion-regulation neurobiology part reflects consolidated interpersonal-affective memories abstracted from early experiences. We suggest these memories, referred here as “attachment schemas,” are by cortical-subcortical (re)activations. Neural circuitry involving functional connections between subcortical and midline cortical regions is well positioned generate predictive inferences attachment schemas implications for Although speculative, perspective motivated convergence of empirical findings cognitive developmental neuroscience. Situating affective neural predictions within neurodevelopmental framework has great potential uncover mechanisms ultimately build toward more complete understanding emotional well-being.

Язык: Английский

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Age-Related differences in the relationship between sustained attention and associative memory and Memory-Guided inference

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Vibration Mode Is Disruptive: The Effect of Other‐Owned Smartphone Vibrations on Memory

Applied Cognitive Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 39(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Cognitive effects of smartphones have become a relevant research area. In two experiments, we investigated the effect other‐owned phone vibrations on long‐term memory in undergraduate Colombian students. Participants watched an educational video while nearby experimenter‐owned smartphone emitted at specific moments. After few minutes, their for content with and without was assessed. Experiment 1, showed no significant vibrations, but non‐significant directional trend suggested potential disruption regarding vibrating notifications. 2, adjusted some parameters added metamemory measure. We found significantly worse performance lower confidence questions vibrations. 2 also included media‐multitasking measure that relation to or results. Our findings provide new data silent notifications metamemory, highlighting phones.

Язык: Английский

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Hippocampal Mechanisms Support Cortisol-Induced Memory Enhancements

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(43), С. 7198 - 7212

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol negatively affect hippocampus, a brain region important encoding. To resolve this apparent conflict determine whether how hippocampus supports under cortisol, we combined behavioral assays of associative high-resolution fMRI, pharmacological manipulation in within-participant, double-blinded procedure (in both sexes). Behaviorally, hydrocortisone promoted subjectively arousing, positive memories. Neurally, led to enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions, which predicted subsequent emotional associations. Cortisol also modified relationship representations memory: whereas signatures distinctiveness placebo, relative integration cortisol. Together, these data provide novel evidence human contains necessary machinery support

Язык: Английский

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The shared and unique neural correlates of personal semantic, general semantic, and episodic memory

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

One of the most common distinctions in long-term memory is that between semantic (i.e., general world knowledge) and episodic recollection contextually specific events from one's past). However, emerging cognitive neuroscience data suggest a surprisingly large overlap neural correlates memory. Moreover, personal memories knowledge about self life) have been studied little do not easily fit into standard semantic-episodic dichotomy. Here, we used fMRI to record brain activity while 48 participants verified statements concerning facts, autobiographical repeated events, unique events. In multivariate analysis, all four types involved within network bilaterally (e.g., frontal pole, paracingulate gyrus, medial cortex, middle/superior temporal precuneus, posterior cingulate, angular gyrus) some areas lobe. Yet differentially engaged this network, increasing facts Our are compatible with component process model, which declarative rely on different weightings same elementary processes, such as perceptual imagery, spatial features, self-reflection.

Язык: Английский

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Acute Stress Effects on Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(8), С. 1741 - 1759

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Stress is widely considered to negatively impact hippocampal function, thus impairing episodic memory. However, the hippocampus not merely seat of Rather, it also (via distinct circuitry) supports statistical learning. On basis rodent work suggesting that stress may impair pathway involved in memory while sparing or enhancing learning, we developed a behavioral experiment investigate effects acute on both and learning humans. Participants were randomly assigned one three conditions: (socially evaluated cold pressor) immediately before ∼15 min no stress. In task, participants viewed series trial-unique scenes (allowing for encoding each image) which certain scene categories reliably followed another associations between paired categories). Memory was assessed 24 hr later isolate encoding/learning rather than retrieval. We found modest support our hypothesis can amplify learning: Only stressed advance exhibited reliable evidence across multiple measures. Furthermore, stress-induced cortisol levels predicted retention later. contrast, did differ by condition, although find preliminary promoted statistically predictable information attenuated competition encoding. Together, these findings provide initial insights into how differentially modulate processes within hippocampus.

Язык: Английский

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Cognitive synaptopathy: synaptic and dendritic spine dysfunction in age-related cognitive disorders

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Cognitive impairment is a leading component of several neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, profoundly impacting on the individual, family, society at large. pathologies are driven by multiplicity factors, from genetic mutations risk neurotransmitter-associated dysfunction, abnormal connectomics level local neuronal circuits broader brain networks, to environmental influences able modulate some endogenous factors. Otherwise healthy older adults can be expected experience degree mild cognitive impairment, which fall into category subjective deficits in clinical practice, while many diseases course with more profound alterations cognition, particularly within spectrum dementias. Our knowledge underlying neuropathological mechanisms root this ample palette entities far complete. This review looks current synaptic modifications context function along ageing dysfunction disease, providing insight differential diagnostic elements wide range synapse alterations, those associated changes physiological senescence abnormalities occurring advanced stages dementia. I propose term "cognitive synaptopathy" encompass higher disorders.

Язык: Английский

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