Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
102(1), С. 7 - 60
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021
The
spermatozoon
is
a
highly
differentiated
and
polarized
cell,
with
two
main
structures:
the
head,
containing
haploid
nucleus
acrosomal
exocytotic
granule,
flagellum,
which
generates
energy
propels
cell;
both
structures
are
connected
by
neck.
sperm’s
aim
to
participate
in
fertilization,
thus
activating
development.
Despite
this
common
bauplan
function,
there
an
enormous
diversity
structure
performance
of
sperm
cells.
For
example,
mammalian
spermatozoa
may
exhibit
several
head
patterns
overall
lengths
ranging
from
∼30
350
µm.
Mechanisms
transport
female
tract,
preparation
for
recognition
interaction
oocyte
also
show
considerable
variation.
There
has
been
much
interest
understanding
origin
diversity,
evolutionary
terms
relation
mechanisms
underlying
differentiation
testis.
Here,
relationships
between
function
examined
at
levels:
first,
analyzing
selective
forces
that
drive
changes
physiology
understand
adaptive
values
variation
impact
on
male
reproductive
success
second,
examining
cellular
molecular
formation
testis
explain
how
can
give
rise
such
wide
array
forms
functions.
Reproduction,
Год журнала:
2011,
Номер
142(6), С. 819 - 830
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2011
Sperm
competition
favours
an
increase
in
sperm
swimming
velocity
that
maximises
the
chances
will
reach
ova
before
rival
and
fertilise.
Comparative
studies
have
shown
speed
is
associated
with
total
size.
However,
it
not
known
which
are
first
evolutionary
steps
lead
to
increases
velocity.
Using
a
group
of
closely
related
muroid
rodents
differ
levels
competition,
we
here
test
hypothesis
subtle
changes
design
may
represent
early
could
make
swim
faster.
Our
findings
show
as
so
does
speed.
size
all
components.
only
head
area.
Such
consequence
length
head,
also
presence
apical
hook
some
species
studied.
These
suggest
modify
such
way
would
help
faster
be
advantageous
if
larger
heads
better
able
attach
epithelial
cells
lining
lower
isthmus
oviduct
where
remain
quiescent
final
race
site
fertilisation.
Evolution,
Год журнала:
2013,
Номер
68(1), С. 92 - 104
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2013
It
is
often
assumed
that
longer
sperm,
by
virtue
of
their
increased
swimming
speed,
have
a
fertilization
advantage
over
shorter
sperm
when
in
competition
to
fertilize
eggs.
However,
there
surprisingly
little
evidence
for
positive
correlation
between
length
and
speed.
Here
we
use
an
approach
accounts
within-male
variation
traits
examine
the
relationships
speed
across
broad
range
species,
including
three
internally
fertilizing
species
externally
species.
Our
results
reveal
correlations
size
are
indeed
present
possibly
more
common
than
currently
thought.
direction
which
prevalent
within
male's
ejaculate
among
males,
were
influenced
mode
contrasting
unexpected
ways.
Broadly,
patterns
revealed
with
flagellum
heads
relative
swam
faster,
whereas
faster.
We
discuss
these
light
theory
contrast
intraspecific
observed
this
study
macroevolutionary
evolution
reported
elsewhere.
Evolution,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
69(4), С. 1044 - 1052
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2015
Rapid
diversification
of
sexual
traits
is
frequently
attributed
to
selection,
though
explicit
tests
this
hypothesis
remain
limited.
Spermatozoa
exhibit
remarkable
variability
in
size
and
shape,
studies
report
a
correlation
between
sperm
morphology
(sperm
length
shape)
competition
risk
or
female
reproductive
tract
morphology.
However,
whether
postcopulatory
processes
(e.g.,
cryptic
choice)
influence
the
speed
evolutionary
form
unknown.
Using
passerine
birds,
we
quantified
rates
divergence
among
lineages
(i.e.,
species
pairs)
determined
these
varied
with
level
(estimated
as
relative
testes
mass).
We
found
that
mass
was
significantly
positively
associated
more
rapid
phenotypic
midpiece
flagellum
lengths,
well
total
length.
In
contrast,
there
no
association
head
size,
models
suggested
evolutionarily
constrained.
Our
results
are
first
show
an
strength
evolution,
suggest
selection
promotes
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
102(1), С. 7 - 60
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021
The
spermatozoon
is
a
highly
differentiated
and
polarized
cell,
with
two
main
structures:
the
head,
containing
haploid
nucleus
acrosomal
exocytotic
granule,
flagellum,
which
generates
energy
propels
cell;
both
structures
are
connected
by
neck.
sperm’s
aim
to
participate
in
fertilization,
thus
activating
development.
Despite
this
common
bauplan
function,
there
an
enormous
diversity
structure
performance
of
sperm
cells.
For
example,
mammalian
spermatozoa
may
exhibit
several
head
patterns
overall
lengths
ranging
from
∼30
350
µm.
Mechanisms
transport
female
tract,
preparation
for
recognition
interaction
oocyte
also
show
considerable
variation.
There
has
been
much
interest
understanding
origin
diversity,
evolutionary
terms
relation
mechanisms
underlying
differentiation
testis.
Here,
relationships
between
function
examined
at
levels:
first,
analyzing
selective
forces
that
drive
changes
physiology
understand
adaptive
values
variation
impact
on
male
reproductive
success
second,
examining
cellular
molecular
formation
testis
explain
how
can
give
rise
such
wide
array
forms
functions.
