The microbiome and human cancer

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 371(6536)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Microbial roles in cancer formation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been disputed for centuries. Recent studies provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors immunotherapy, engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating building frameworks such evidence light modern biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal complicit trace common themes their influence through host's immune system, herein defined as immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. We further review intratumoral approaches manipulate gut or tumor microbiome while projecting next phase experimental discovery.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary trends in host physiology outweigh dietary niche in structuring primate gut microbiomes

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 13(3), С. 576 - 587

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gut Reactions: Breaking Down Xenobiotic–Microbiome Interactions

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 71(2), С. 198 - 224

Опубликована: Март 19, 2019

The microbiome plays a key role in health and disease, there has been considerable interest therapeutic targeting of the as well mining this rich resource drug discovery efforts. However, growing body evidence suggests that gut microbiota can itself influence actions range xenobiotics, both beneficial potentially harmful ways. Traditionally, clinical studies evaluating pharmacokinetics new drugs have mostly ignored important direct indirect effects on metabolism efficacy. Despite some observations from xenobiotic general, is only an incomplete understanding scope specifically absorption, how might systemic concentrations parent compounds toxic metabolites. significance microbial xenobiotics impact host hepatic enzyme systems nonetheless gaining traction presents further challenge efforts, with implications for improving treatment outcomes or counteracting adverse reactions. Microbial factors must now be considered when determining evolving dynamic could regard. In review, we aim to integrate contribution disease focusing interventions, pharmacological action, chemical biotransformations collectively will future practice precision medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Population genomics of bacterial host adaptation

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 19(9), С. 549 - 565

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of human-associated microbiota along family and social networks

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 4(6), С. 964 - 971

Опубликована: Март 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron?

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019

Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses current state knowledge biofilm mode growth these communities, how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations relative microbial abundance diversity, aim is focus on structure function, dispersion commensal bacteria, mechanisms whereby dispersed commensals become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition expression virulence factors gut that Causal studies emerging, common enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease colo-rectal cancer used examples illustrate great translational potential such research. These new observations shed light our attempts develop therapies able protect restore many disease conditions been dysbiosis.

Язык: Английский

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Is Host Filtering the Main Driver of Phylosymbiosis across the Tree of Life?

mSystems, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 3(5)

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2018

Phylosymbiosis is a pattern defined as the tendency of closely related species to host microbiota whose compositions resemble each other more than drawn at random from same tree. Understanding mechanisms behind phylosymbiosis important because it can shed light on rules governing assembly host-associated microbiotas and, potentially, their coevolutionary dynamics with hosts. For example, result coevolution, or be generated by simple ecological filtering processes? Beyond qualitative theoretical models, quantitative expectations provide new insights. deviations baseline may used test more-complex hypotheses (e.g., coevolution). Here, we use simulations evidence that host-related readily generate phylosymbiosis, and contrast these predictions real-world data. We find while widespread in nature, patterns are compatible model majority taxa. Internal compartments hosts, such animal gut, often display stronger expected purely process, suggesting also involved.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Priorities for Microbiome Research

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020

Microbiome research has increased dramatically in recent years, driven by advances technology and significant reductions the cost of analysis. Such unlocked a wealth data, which yielded tremendous insight into nature microbial communities, including their interactions effects, both within host an external environment as part ecological community. Understanding role microbiota, dynamic with hosts other microbes, can enable engineering new diagnostic techniques interventional strategies that be used diverse spectrum fields, spanning from ecology agriculture to medicine forensics exobiology. From June 19-23 2017, NIH NSF jointly held Innovation Lab on Quantitative Approaches Biomedical Data Science Challenges our Microbiome. This review is inspired some topics arose priority areas this unique, interactive workshop. The goal summarize Lab's findings introducing reader emerging challenges, exciting potential, current directions microbiome research. broken five key topic areas: (1) between microbes human body, (2) evolution played microbe-microbe interactions, (3) analytical mathematical methods currently research, (4) leveraging knowledge composition develop solutions, (5) approaches may enabled selectively altering composition. As such, seeks arm broad understanding priorities challenges today provide inspiration for future investigation multi-disciplinary collaboration.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Intestinal Microbial–Elaborated Butyrate on Oncogenic Signaling Pathways

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(5), С. 1026 - 1026

Опубликована: Май 7, 2019

The intestinal microbiota is well known to have multiple benefits on human health, including cancer prevention and treatment. effects are partially mediated by microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, propionate acetate. anti-cancer effect of butyrate has been demonstrated in cell cultures animal models cancer. Butyrate, a signaling molecule, pathways. most studied its inhibition histone deacetylase (HDAC), which leads alterations several important oncogenic pathways JAK2/STAT3, VEGF. Butyrate can interfere with both mitochondrial apoptotic extrinsic In addition, also reduces gut inflammation promoting T-regulatory differentiation decreased activities the NF-κB STAT3 Through PKC Wnt pathways, increases differentiation. Furthermore, regulates molecules through microRNAs methylation. Therefore, potential be incorporated into treatment regimens. this review we summarize recent progress research discuss future development an agent emphasis low bioavailability problem, precludes clinical application. disadvantage for medicinal applications may overcome approaches nano-delivery, analogue combination use other agents or phytochemicals.

Язык: Английский

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The role of oral bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(10), С. 731 - 742

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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